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| Tables | |
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| Forms | |
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| Figures | |
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| Preface | |
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| About the Authors | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Preparatory Considerations | |
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| Foundations of Assessment | |
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| Overview of Assessment | |
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| Psychometric Principles | |
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| Validity | |
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| Reliability | |
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| Standardization | |
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| Assessment Methods | |
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| Norm-Referenced Tests | |
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| Criterion-Referenced Tests | |
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| Authentic Assessment Approach | |
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| Code of Fair Testing Practices in Education | |
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| Concluding Comments | |
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| Sources of Additional Information | |
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| Chapter 1 Forms | |
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| Multicultural Considerations | |
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| Preassessment Knowledge | |
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| Know the Culture of the Client | |
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| Know the History of the Client | |
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| Know the Normal Communicative Patterns of the Client's Dominant Language | |
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| Normal Patterns of Second Language Acquisition | |
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| Planning and Completing the Assessment | |
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| Making a Diagnosis | |
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| Working with Interpreters | |
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| Concluding Comments | |
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| Sources of Additional Information | |
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| Chapter 2 Forms | |
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| Speech and Language Characteristics of African American English | |
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| Speech and Language Characteristics of Spanish | |
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| Speech and Language Characteristics of Asian Languages | |
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| Obtaining, Interpreting, and Reporting Assessment Information | |
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| Obtaining Preassessment Information | |
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| Written Case Histories | |
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| Allergy Awareness | |
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| Information-Getting Interviews | |
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| Questions Common to Various Communicative Disorders | |
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| Questions Common to Specific Communicative Disorders | |
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| Information from Other Professionals | |
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| Concluding Comments | |
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| Sources of Additional Information | |
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| Chapter 3 Forms | |
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| Sample Release of Information | |
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| Sample Request for Information | |
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| Sample Referral for Medical Evaluation | |
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| Evaluating Preassessment Information | |
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| Speech, Language, and Motor Development | |
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| Medical Conditions Associated with Communicative Disorders | |
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| Syndromes Associated with Communicative Disorders | |
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| Standard Medical Abbreviations | |
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| Concluding Comments | |
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| Sources of Additional Information | |
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| Reporting Assessment Findings | |
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| Information-Giving Interviews | |
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| Illustrations to Use When Conveying Information | |
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| Writing Assessment Reports | |
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| Clinical Correspondence | |
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| Writing SOAP Notes | |
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| Concluding Comments | |
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| Sources of Additional Information | |
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| Three Sample Clinical Reports | |
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| Sample Release of Information Form | |
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| Three Sample Clinical Correspondences | |
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| Resources for Assessing Communicative Disorders | |
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| Assessment Procedures Common to Most Communicative Disorders | |
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| Oral-Facial Examination | |
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| Interpreting the Oral-Facial Examination | |
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| Assessing Diadochokinetic Syllable Rates | |
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| Speech and Language Sampling | |
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| Conversation Starters for Eliciting a Speech-Language Sample | |
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| Pictures | |
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| Narratives with Pictures | |
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| Evaluating Rate of Speech | |
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| Determining Speech Rate | |
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| Determining Intelligibility | |
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| Syllable-by-Syllable Stimulus Phrases | |
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| Reading Passages | |
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| Charting | |
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| Concluding Comments | |
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| Sources of Additional Information | |
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| Chapter 6 Forms | |
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| Assessment of Articulation and Phonological Disorders | |
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| Overview of Assessment | |
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| Screening | |
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| Formal Tests | |
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| Speech Sampling | |
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| Identifying Sound Errors | |
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| Stimulability | |
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| Assessing Stimulability of Consonants | |
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| Developmental Norms for Phonemes and Blends | |
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| Frequencies of Occurrence of Consonants | |
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| Descriptive Features of Phonemes | |
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| Distinctive Features of Consonants | |
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| Phonological Processes | |
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| Concluding Comments | |
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| Sources of Additional Information | |
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| Chapter 7 Forms | |
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| Assessment of Language | |
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| Overview of Assessment | |
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| Assessment Approaches | |
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| Components of Language | |
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| Language Disorder Categories | |
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| Screening | |
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| Assessment of Early Language Development | |
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| Piaget's Stages of Early Cognitive Development | |
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| Late Talker vs. Language Disordered | |
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| Formal Language Testing | |
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| Informal Assessment | |
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| Language Sampling and Analysis | |
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| Determining the Mean Length of Utterance | |
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| Assessment of Pragmatic Skills | |
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| Assessment of Semantic Skills | |
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| Determining the Type-Token Ratio | |
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| Assessment of Syntactic Skills | |
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| Assessment of Morphologic Skills | |
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| Making a Diagnosis | |
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| Concluding Comments | |
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| Sources of Additional Information | |
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| Chapter 8 Forms | |
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| Assessment of Fluency | |
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| Overview of Assessment | |
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| Speech Sampling | |
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| Evaluating the Speech Sample | |
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| Descriptions of Dysfluencies | |
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| Dysfluency Indexes | |
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| Associated Motor Behaviors | |
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| Physiological Factors | |
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| Speech Rate | |
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| Assessing Feelings and Attitudes | |
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| Parental Concern | |
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| Avoidance and Expectancy | |
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| Criteria for Diagnosing Stuttering | |
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| Estimating Severity | |
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| Stimulability | |
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| Cluttering | |
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| Assessment | |
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| Stimulability | |
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| Concluding Comments | |
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| Sources of Additional Information | |
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| Chapter 9 Forms | |
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| Assessment of Voice and Resonance | |
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| Overview of Assessment | |
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| Screening | |
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| Need for Medical Evaluation | |
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| Examining the Voice | |
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| Assessment Instrumentation | |
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| Normal Fundamental Frequencies | |
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| Assessing Breathing and Breath Support | |
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| The S/Z Ratio | |
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| Assessing Resonance | |
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| Hypernasality | |
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| Assimilation Nasality | |
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| Hyponasality | |
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| Assessing Velopharyngeal Function | |
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| The Pressure Consonants | |
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| The Modified Tongue Anchor Procedure | |
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| Stimulability | |
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| Concluding Comments | |
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| Sources of Additional Information | |
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| Chapter 10 Forms | |
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| Assessment of Neurologically Based Communicative Disorders | |
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| Overview of Assessment | |
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| The Cranial Nerves | |
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| Differential Characteristics of Dysarthria and Apraxia | |
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| Assessment of Dysarthria | |
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| Assessment of Apraxia | |
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| Developmental Apraxia of Speech | |
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| Assessment of Aphasia | |
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| Assessment of Right Hemisphere Syndrome | |
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| Assessment of Clients with Traumatic Brain Injury | |
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| Assessment of Clients with Dementia | |
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| Concluding Comments | |
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| Sources of Additional Information | |
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| Chapter 11 Forms | |
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| Assessment of Dysphagia | |
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| Overview of Assessment | |
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| Overview of a Normal Swallow | |
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| Bedside Assessment of Dysphagia | |
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| Administration and Interpretation | |
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| Videofluoroscopy and Videoendoscopy | |
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| Videofluoroscopy | |
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| Videoendoscopy | |
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| Bedside Assessment of the Tracheostomized Client | |
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| The Blue-Dye Test | |
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| Concluding Comments | |
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| Sources of Additional Information | |
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| Chapter 12 Form | |
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| Assessment of Four Special Populations | |
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| Overview of Assessment | |
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| Assessment of Clients with Autism Spectrum Disorder | |
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| Characteristics of the Five Autism Spectrum Disorders | |
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| Early Indicators of Autism Spectrum Disorder | |
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| Assessment and Diagnosis | |
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| Assessment for Augmentative or Alternative Communication (AAC) | |
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| Assessing Sensory and Motor Capabilities | |
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| Assessing Language and Cognitive Skills | |
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| Determining the Most Appropriate AAC System | |
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| Assessment of Laryngectomees | |
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| Alaryngeal Communication Options | |
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| Assessment of Clients with Cleft Lip or Palate | |
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| Assessing Speech and Resonance | |
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| Concluding Comments | |
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| Sources of Additional Information | |
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| Chapter 13 Forms | |
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| Assessment of Hearing | |
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| Types of Hearing Losses | |
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| Conductive Hearing Loss | |
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| Sensorineural Hearing Loss | |
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| Mixed Hearing Loss | |
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| Central Auditory Disorder | |
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| Retrocochlear Pathology | |
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| Standard Classification of Hearing Loss and the Effects on Communicative Development | |
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| Screening | |
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| Interpreting Audiograms and Tympanograms | |
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| Audiograms | |
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| Tympanograms | |
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| Speech Audiometry | |
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| Environmental Noise Levels | |
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| Hearing Aids | |
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| Troubleshooting Hearing Aid Problems | |
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| Cochlear Implants | |
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| Vibrotactile Aids | |
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| Concluding Comments | |
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| Sources of Additional Information | |
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| Chapter 14 Form | |
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| Glossary | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |