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W Writing | |
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Writing and Reading Rhetorically | |
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Understanding the rhetorical situation | |
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Applying rhetorical knowledge | |
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Academic writing | |
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Genres and formats of academic writing | |
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Planning and Drafting Essays | |
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Stages of the writing process | |
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Focusing a topic into a clearly stated thesis | |
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Creating an outline | |
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Developing Paragraphs | |
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Stating the main idea | |
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Developing the main point | |
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Employing methods for developing paragraphs | |
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Making paragraphs coherent | |
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Revising and Editing Essays | |
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Revising for unity and coherence | |
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Editing and proofreading | |
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Sample final draft | |
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Critical Reading and Analysis | |
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Critical reading | |
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Critical analysis | |
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Writing Arguments | |
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Determining the purpose of your argument | |
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Considering differing viewpoints | |
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Distinguishing between fact and opinion | |
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Taking a position or making a claim | |
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Providing evidence for an effective argument | |
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Using the rhetorical appeals to ground your argument | |
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Arranging an effective argument | |
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Sample argument | |
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Designing Documents | |
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Elements of design | |
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Using graphics | |
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Using pictures | |
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Using maps | |
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Using cartoons | |
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R Research | |
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Planning Research | |
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Research as inquiry | |
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Finding your own research question | |
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Testing your research question | |
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Creating a research plan | |
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Finding Sources in Print, Online, and in the Field | |
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Deciding which sources to use | |
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Searching electronically for print and online sources | |
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Keeping track of your sources | |
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Doing field research | |
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Evaluating Print and Online Sources | |
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Credibility of authors | |
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Credibility of publishers | |
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Online sources | |
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Reading closely and critically | |
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Using Sources Critically and Responsibly | |
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Taking and organizing notes | |
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Creating a working annotated bibliography | |
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Acknowledging your sources | |
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Using direct quotations | |
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Paraphrasing another person's ideas | |
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Summarizing an idea | |
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Analyzing and responding to sources | |
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Synthesizing sources | |
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Critical thinking | |
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Avoiding Plagiarism | |
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Knowing which sources require acknowledgment | |
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Citing quotations and ideas from sources | |
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D Documentation | |
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MLA Documentation | |
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MLA-style in-text citations | |
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MLA list of works cited | |
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Sample MLA-style paper | |
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APA Documentation | |
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APA-style in-text citations | |
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APA-style reference list | |
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Sample APA-style paper | |
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CMS Documentation | |
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CMS note and bibliographic forms | |
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Sample CMS-style paper | |
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CSE Documentation | |
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CSE citation-sequence, name-year, and citation-name systems | |
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Sample CSE-style paper | |
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G Grammar | |
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Sentence Essentials | |
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Parts of speech | |
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Subjects and predicates | |
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Complements | |
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Phrases | |
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Clauses | |
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Sentence Fragments | |
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Recognizing sentence fragments | |
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Phrases as sentence fragments | |
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Dependent clauses as sentence fragments | |
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Comma Splices and Fused Sentences | |
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Locating comma splices and fused sentences | |
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Revising comma splices and fused sentences | |
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Divided quotations | |
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Verbs | |
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Verb forms | |
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Verb tenses | |
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Verb tense consistency | |
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Voice | |
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Mood | |
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Subject-verb agreement | |
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Pronouns | |
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Recognizing pronouns | |
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Pronoun case | |
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Pronoun-antecedent agreement.Clear pronoun reference | |
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Pronoun consistency | |
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Use of first-person and second-person pronouns | |
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Modifiers | |
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Recognizing modifiers | |
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Comparatives and superlatives | |
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Double negatives | |
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Placement of modifiers | |
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Dangling modifiers | |
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S Effective Sentences | |
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Sentence Unity | |
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Choosing and arranging details | |
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Revising mixed metaphors | |
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Revising mixed constructions | |
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Relating sentence parts | |
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Including necessary words | |
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Completing comparisons | |
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Completing intensifiers | |
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Subordination and Coordination | |
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Using subordination effectively | |
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Using coordination effectively | |
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Avoiding faulty or excessive subordination and coordination | |
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Parallelism | |
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Recognizing parallel elements | |
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Repeating words and grammatical forms | |
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Linking two or more sentences | |
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Using correlative conjunctions | |
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Emphasis | |
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Placing words for emphasis | |
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Using cumulative and periodic sentences | |
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Ordering ideas from least to most important | |
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Repeating important words | |
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Inverting word order | |
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Using an occasional short sentence | |
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Variety | |
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Revising sentence length and form | |
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Varying sentence openings | |
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Using questions, exclamations, and commands | |
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L Effective Language | |
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Good Usage | |
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Clear style | |
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Appropriate word choice | |
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Inclusive language | |
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Precise Word Choice | |
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Accurate and precise word choice | |
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Cliches and euphemisms | |
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Idioms and collocations | |
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Clear definitions | |
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Conciseness | |
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Eliminating wordiness and other redundancies | |
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Using elliptical constructions | |
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P Punctuation | |
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The Comma | |
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Before a coordinating conjunction linking | |