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| List of illustrative material | |
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| Preface | |
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| Guide to learning features | |
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| Guide to profiles | |
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| Studying politics | |
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| Political concepts | |
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| Politics | |
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| Government, political system and governance | |
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| Comparative politics | |
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| Classifying governments | |
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| Power, authority and legitimacy | |
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| The state, sovereignty and citizenship | |
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| Nations and nationalism | |
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| Ideology, left and right | |
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| The state | |
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| Emergence and expansion | |
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| Restructuring | |
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| Contemporary challenges | |
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| The diversity of states | |
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| The state and intergovernmental organizations | |
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| Democracy | |
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| Democracy and expertise | |
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| Direct democracy | |
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| Representation | |
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| Liberal democracy | |
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| Democracy and modernization | |
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| Waves of democracy | |
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| Recent transitions | |
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| Authoritarian rule | |
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| Authoritarian rule | |
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| Personal despotism | |
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| Monarchy | |
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| Ruling parties | |
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| Ruling presidents | |
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| Military rule | |
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| Theocracy | |
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| Competitive authoritarian regimes | |
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| Theoretical approaches | |
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| The institutional approach | |
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| The behavioural approach | |
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| The structural approach | |
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| The rational choice approach | |
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| The interpretive approach | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Mobilization and participation | |
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| Political culture | |
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| The civic culture | |
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| Political trust and social capital | |
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| Generations and postmaterial values | |
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| Civilizations and religion | |
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| Elite political culture | |
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| Political culture in authoritarian states | |
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| Political communication | |
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| Media development | |
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| Media structures | |
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| Media impact | |
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| Political communication in authoritarian states | |
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| Political participation | |
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| Participation in liberal democracies | |
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| Women and political participation | |
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| Social movements | |
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| Public opinion | |
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| Participation in authoritarian states | |
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| Interest groups | |
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| Classifying interest groups | |
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| Pluralism, iron triangles and issue networks | |
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| Channels of influence | |
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| Ingredients of influence | |
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| Interest groups in authoritarian states | |
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| Political parties | |
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| Party origins | |
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| Party organization | |
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| Party members | |
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| Selecting candidates and leaders | |
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| Party finances | |
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| Social cleavages | |
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| Party systems | |
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| Parties in authoritarian states | |
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| Elections | |
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| Scope and franchise | |
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| Electing legislatures | |
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| Electing presidents | |
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| Electoral systems: design and reform | |
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| Election campaigns | |
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| Messages and mandates | |
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| The referendum, initiative, and recall | |
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| Elections in authoritarian states | |
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| Voters | |
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| Party identification | |
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| Partisan dealignment | |
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| The social base | |
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| The rational voter | |
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| Issue voting | |
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| The economy | |
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| Leaders' personalities | |
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| Turnout | |
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| Government and governance | |
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| Constitutions and law | |
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| Common law and civil law | |
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| Constitutions | |
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| The courts and judicial review | |
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| European Court of Justice | |
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| Judicial activism | |
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| Judicial independence and recruitment | |
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| Judicial decision-making | |
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| Administrative law | |
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| Law in authoritarian states | |
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| Multilevel governance | |
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| Multilevel governance | |
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| Federalism | |
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| The European Union | |
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| Unitary states | |
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| Regional governance | |
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| Local governance | |
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| Central-local relations in authoritarian slates | |
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| Legislatures | |
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| Structure | |
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| Functions | |
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| Committees | |
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| Members | |
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| The European Parliament | |
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| Legislatures in authoritarian states | |
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| The political executive | |
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| Presidential government | |
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| Parliamentary government | |
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| Semi-presidential government | |
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| The executive of the European Union | |
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| The executive in authoritarian states | |
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| The bureaucracy | |
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| Evolution | |
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| Recruitment | |
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| Organization | |
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| Accountability | |
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| New public management | |
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| E-government | |
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| The bureaucracy in authoritarian states | |
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| The policy process | |
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| Models | |
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| Stages | |
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| Instruments | |
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| Diffusion | |
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| The policy process in authoritarian states | |
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| Research strategies | |
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| Comparative methods | |
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| Case studies | |
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| Comparative studies | |
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| Qualitative comparisons | |
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| Quantitative comparisons | |
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| Historical analysis | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |