| |
| |
| Preface | |
| |
| |
| About the Authors | |
| |
| |
| In Memoriam: James O. Wilson | |
| |
| |
| |
| What Should We Know About American Government? | |
| |
| |
| Learning Objectives: The Enduring Questions | |
| |
| |
| Why Have a Government? | |
| |
| |
| The Meanings of Democracy | |
| |
| |
| Two Kinds of Democracy | |
| |
| |
| Who Governs? | |
| |
| |
| To What Ends? | |
| |
| |
| What American Politics Means for Us | |
| |
| |
| Learning Objectives: Reconsidering the Enduring Questions | |
| |
| |
| Online Resources: What Should We Know About American Government? | |
| |
| |
| Suggested Readings | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Constitution | |
| |
| |
| Learning Objectives: The Enduring Questions | |
| |
| |
| The Challenge of Leadership | |
| |
| |
| The Problem of Liberty | |
| |
| |
| Human Nature | |
| |
| |
| The Real Revolution | |
| |
| |
| The Articles of Confederation | |
| |
| |
| The Constitutional Convention | |
| |
| |
| The Lessons of Experience | |
| |
| |
| The Framers | |
| |
| |
| The Challenge | |
| |
| |
| Large States versus Small States | |
| |
| |
| The Compromise | |
| |
| |
| For Representative Democracy | |
| |
| |
| Two Key Principles: Separation of Powers and Federalism | |
| |
| |
| Government and Human Nature | |
| |
| |
| The Constitution and Liberty | |
| |
| |
| The Antifederalist View | |
| |
| |
| Need for a Bill of Rights | |
| |
| |
| The Constitution and Slavery | |
| |
| |
| Political Ideals or Economic Interests? | |
| |
| |
| Liberty and Equality | |
| |
| |
| A Recipe for Moderation | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Learning Objectives: Reconsidering the Enduring Questions | |
| |
| |
| Online Resources: The Constitution | |
| |
| |
| Suggested Readings | |
| |
| |
| |
| Civil Liberties | |
| |
| |
| Learning Objectives: The Enduring Questions | |
| |
| |
| Making Constitutional Rights Apply to the States | |
| |
| |
| Why Are Americans So Preoccupied with Rights? | |
| |
| |
| Freedom of Expression | |
| |
| |
| Church and State | |
| |
| |
| The Free-Exercise Clause | |
| |
| |
| The Establishment Clause | |
| |
| |
| Crime and Due Process | |
| |
| |
| The Exclusionary Rule | |
| |
| |
| Search and Seizure | |
| |
| |
| Confessions and Self-incrimination | |
| |
| |
| Relaxing the Exclusionary Rule | |
| |
| |
| Terrorism and Civil Liberties | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Learning Objectives: Reconsidering the Enduring Questions | |
| |
| |
| Online Resources: Civil Liberties | |
| |
| |
| Suggested Readings | |
| |
| |
| |
| Civil Rights | |
| |
| |
| Learning Objectives: The Enduring Questions | |
| |
| |
| "Unreasonable" Differences | |
| |
| |
| Race and Strict Scrutiny | |
| |
| |
| Sex and "Reasonable Classifications" | |
| |
| |
| Decisions Barring Differences Based on Sex | |
| |
| |
| Decisions Allowing Differences Based on Sex | |
| |
| |
| Sexual Harassment | |
| |
| |
| Privacy and Sex | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Learning Objectives: Reconsidering the Enduring Questions | |
| |
| |
| Online Resources: Civil Rights | |
| |
| |
| Suggested Readings | |
| |
| |
| |
| Federalism | |
| |
| |
| Learning Objectives: The Enduring Questions | |
| |
| |
| Intergovernmental Conflict | |
| |
| |
| Governmental Structure | |
| |
| |
| The Founding | |
| |
| |
| A Bold New Plan | |
| |
| |
| Elastic Language | |
| |
| |
| The History of Federalism | |
| |
| |
| The Supreme Court Speaks | |
| |
| |
| Nullification and War | |
| |
| |
| Dual Federalism | |
| |
| |
| The States Reclaim Some Authority | |
| |
| |
| The Division of Powers: Federal and Slate | |
| |
| |
| Fiscal Federalism | |
| |
| |
| Rise of Federal Activism | |
| |
| |
| The Intergovernmental Lobby | |
| |
| |
| Categorical Grants versus Block Grants | |
| |
| |
| Federal Aid and Federal Control | |
| |
| |
| Rivalry among the States | |
| |
| |
| Evaluating Federalism | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Learning Objectives: Reconsidering the Enduring Questions | |
| |
| |
| Online Resources: Federalism | |
| |
| |
| Suggested Readings | |
| |
| |
| |
| Public Opinion and the Media | |
| |
| |
| Learning Objectives: The Enduring Questions | |
| |
| |
| Public Opinion and Representative Democracy | |
| |
| |
| The Media and Representative Democracy | |
| |
| |
| Why Do We Distrust the Federal Government? | |
| |
| |
| The Origins of Political Attitudes | |
| |
| |
| The Role of the Family | |
| |
| |
| Effects of Religion | |
| |
| |
| Education | |
| |
| |
| The Gender Gap | |
| |
| |
| Cleavages in Public Opinion | |
| |
| |
| Occupation | |
| |
| |
| Age | |
| |
| |
| Region | |
| |
| |
| Political ideology | |
| |
| |
| Consistent Attitudes | |
| |
| |
| Activists | |
| |
| |
| Various Categories of Opinion | |
| |
| |
| Analyzing Consistency | |
| |
| |
| The Impact of the Media | |
| |
| |
| The Structure of the Media | |
| |
| |
| Degree of Competition | |
| |
| |
| The National Media | |
| |
| |
| The Internet | |
| |
| |
| Rules Governing the Media | |
| |
| |
| Freedom of the Press | |
| |
| |
| Regulation and Deregulation | |
| |
| |
| Government and the News | |
| |
| |
| Prominence of the President | |
| |
| |
| Coverage of Congress | |
| |
| |
| Interpreting Political News | |
| |
| |
| Three Kinds of Stories | |
| |
| |
| News Leaks | |
| |
| |
| The Influence of Media Opinions on Opinion and Politics | |
| |
| |
| The Influence of Politicians on the Media | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Learning Objectives: Reconsidering the Enduring Questions | |
| |
| |
| Online Resources: Public Opinion and the Media | |
| |
| |
| Suggested Readings | |
| |
| |
| |
| Political Parties and Interest Groups | |
| |
| |
| Learning Objectives: The Enduring Questions | |
| |
| |
| Parties-Here and Abroad | |
| |
| |
| Decentralization | |
| |
| |
| Political Culture | |
| |
| |
| The Rise and Decline of American Political Parties | |
| |
| |
| The National Party Structure Today | |
| |
| |
| National Conventions | |
| |
| |
| State and Local Parties | |
| |
| |
| The Machine | |
| |
| |
| Ideological Parties | |
| |
| |
| Solidary Groups | |
| |
| |
| Sponsored Parties | |
| |
| |
| Personal Fallowings | |
| |
| |
| The Two-Party System | |
| |
| |
| The Two-party System and Electoral Laws | |
| |
| |
| The Two-Party System and Public Opinion | |
| |
| |
| Nominating a President | |
| |
| |
| Are the Delegates Representative of the Voters? | |
| |
| |
| Who Votes in Primaries and Caucuses? | |
| |
| |
| Who A re the New Delegates? | |
| |
| |
| Do the Parties Differ? | |
| |
| |
| Interest Groups | |
| |
| |
| The Proliferation of Interest Groups | |
| |
| |
| The Birth of Interest Groups | |
| |
| |
| Kinds of Organizations | |
| |
| |
| Institutional Interests | |
| |
| |
| Membership Interests | |
| |
| |
| The Influence of the Staff | |
| |
| |
| Funds for Interest Groups | |
| |
| |
| Foundation Grants | |
| |
| |
| Federal Grants and Contracts | |
| |
| |
| Direct Mail | |
| |
| |
| The Problem of Bias | |
| |
| |
| The Activities of Interest Groups | |
| |
| |
| Information | |
| |
| |
| Public Support: The Rise of the New Politics | |
| |
| |
| Interest Groups at Work: Two Stories | |
| |
| |
| Money and Political Action Committees | |
| |
| |
| The "Revolving Door" | |
| |
| |
| Demonstrations | |
| |
| |
| Regulating Interest Groups | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Learning Objectives: Reconsidering the Enduring Questions | |
| |
| |
| Online Resources: Political Parties and Interest Groups | |
| |
| |
| Suggested Readings | |
| |
| |
| |
| Campaigns and Elections | |
| |
| |
| Learning Objectives: The Enduring Questions | |
| |
| |
| Elections and Democracy | |
| |
| |
| Political Participation | |
| |
| |
| Forms of Participation | |
| |
| |
| Why People Participate | |
| |
| |
| Who Participates? | |
| |
| |
| Historical Voting Patterns | |
| |
| |
| The Rise of the American Electorate | |
| |
| |
| Voter Turnout | |
| |
| |
| Explaining-and Improving-Turnout | |
| |
| |
| Political Campaigns | |
| |
| |
| Strategy | |
| |
| |
| Using Television | |
| |
| |
| The Effects of Campaigns | |
| |
| |
| Single-Issue Groups | |
| |
| |
| What Decides Elections? | |
| |
| |
| Election Outcomes | |
| |
| |
| Party Realignments | |
| |
| |
| Party Decline | |
| |
| |
| A Winning Coalition | |
| |
| |
| The Media and Voter "Manipulation" | |
| |
| |
| Elections and Money | |
| |
| |
| Impact of Money | |
| |
| |
| Where Does the Money Come From? | |
| |
| |
| The Effects of Elections on Policy | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Learning Objectives: Reconsidering the Enduring Questions | |
| |
| |
| Online Resources: Campaigns and Elections | |
| |
| |
| Suggested Readings | |
| |
| |
| |
| Congress | |
| |
| |
| Learning Objectives: The Enduring Questions | |
| |
| |
| Congress versus Parliament | |
| |
| |
| The Evolution of Congress | |
| |
| |
| Who Is in Congress? | |
| |
| |
| Years of Service | |
| |
| |
| Party | |
| |
| |
| Getting Elected to Congress | |
| |
| |
| The Organization of Congress: Parties and Interests | |
| |
| |
| Party Organizations | |
| |
| |
| Party Voting | |
| |
| |
| Caucuses | |
| |
| |
| The Organization of Congress: Committees | |
| |
| |
| The Organization of Congress; Staffs and Specialized Offices | |
| |
| |
| Tasks of Staff Members | |
| |
| |
| Staff Agencies | |
| |
| |
| How a Bill Becomes Law | |
| |
| |
| Introducing a Bill | |
| |
| |
| Study by Committees | |
| |
| |
| Floor Debate | |
| |
| |
| Methods of Voting | |
| |
| |
| How Members of Congress Vote | |
| |
| |
| Representational View | |
| |
| |
| Organizational View | |
| |
| |
| Attitudinal View | |
| |
| |
| Ethics and Congress | |
| |
| |
| The Power of Congress | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Learning Objectives: Reconsidering the Enduring Questions | |
| |
| |
| Online Resources: Congress | |
| |
| |
| Suggested Readings | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Presidency | |
| |
| |
| Learning Objectives: The Enduring Questions | |
| |
| |
| Two Perspectives on the Presidency | |
| |
| |
| Presidents and Prime Ministers | |
| |
| |
| The Powers of the President | |