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| About the Author | |
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| Foreword | |
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| Series Preface | |
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| Preface to the Second Edition | |
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| Preface to the First Edition | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Definition and History of Tribology | |
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| Industrial Significance of Tribology | |
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| Origins and Significance of Micro/Nanotribology | |
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| Organization of the Book | |
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| References | |
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| Solid Surface Characterization | |
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| The Nature of Surfaces | |
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| Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Surface Layers | |
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| Deformed Layer | |
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| Chemically Reacted Layer | |
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| Physisorbed Layer | |
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| Chemisorbed Layer | |
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| Methods of Characterization of Surface Layers | |
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| Analysis of Surface Roughness | |
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| Average Roughness Parameters | |
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| Statistical Analyses | |
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| Fractal Characterization | |
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| A Practical Considerations in Measurement of Roughness Parameters | |
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| Measurement of Surface Roughness | |
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| Mechanical Stylus Method | |
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| Optical Methods | |
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| Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) Methods | |
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| Fluid Methods | |
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| Electrical Method | |
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| Electron Microscopy Methods | |
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| Analysis of Measured Height Distribution | |
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| Comparison of Measurement Methods | |
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| Closure | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Contact Between Solid Surfaces | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Analysis of the Contacts | |
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| Single Asperity Contact of Homogeneous and Frictionless Solids | |
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| Single Asperity Contact of Layered Solids in Frictionless and Frictional Contacts | |
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| Multiple Asperity Dry Contacts | |
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| Measurement of the Real Area of Contact | |
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| Measurement Techniques | |
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| Typical Measurements | |
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| Closure | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Adhesion | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Solid-Solid Contact | |
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| Covalent Bond | |
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| Ionic or Electrostatic Bond | |
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| Metallic Bond | |
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| Hydrogen Bond | |
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| van der Waals Bond | |
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| Free Surface Energy Theory of Adhesion | |
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| Polymer Adhesion | |
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| Liquid-Mediated Contact | |
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| Idealized Geometries | |
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| Multiple-Asperity Contacts | |
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| Closure | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Friction | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Solid-Solid Contact | |
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| Rules of Sliding Friction | |
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| Basic Mechanisms of Sliding Friction | |
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| Other Mechanisms of Sliding Friction | |
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| Friction Transitions During Sliding | |
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| Static Friction | |
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| Stick-Slip | |
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| Rolling Friction | |
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| Liquid-Mediated Contact | |
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| Friction of Materials | |
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| Friction of Metals and Alloys | |
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| Friction of Ceramics | |
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| Friction of Polymers | |
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| Friction of Solid Lubricants | |
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| Closure | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Interface Temperature of Sliding Surfaces | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Thermal Analysis | |
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| Fundamental Heat Conduction Solutions | |
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| High Contact-Stress Condition (A<sub>r</sub>/A<sub>a</sub> �1) (Individual Contact) | |
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| Low Contact-Stress Condition (A<sub>r</sub>/A<sub>a</sub><< 1) (Multiple Asperity Contact) | |
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| Interface Temperature Measurements | |
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| Thermocouple and Thin-Film Temperature Sensors | |
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| Radiation Detection Techniques | |
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| Metallographic Techniques | |
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| Liquid Crystals | |
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| Closure | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Wear | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Types of Wear Mechanism | |
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| Adhesive Wear | |
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| Abrasive Wear (by Plastic Deformation and Fracture) | |
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| Fatigue Wear | |
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| Impact Wear | |
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| Chemical (Corrosive) Wear | |
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| Electrical-Arc-Induced Wear | |
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| Fretting and Fretting Corrosion | |
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| Types of Particles Present in Wear Debris | |
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| Plate-Shaped Particles | |
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| Ribbon-Shaped Particles | |
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| Spherical Particles | |
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| Irregularly Shaped Particles | |
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| Wear of Materials | |
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| Wear of Metals and Alloys | |
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| Wear of Ceramics | |
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| Wear of Polymers | |
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| Closure | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Fluid Film Lubrication | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Regimes of Fluid Film Lubrication | |
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| Hydrostatic Lubrication | |
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| Hydrodynamic Lubrication | |
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| Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication | |
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| Mixed Lubrication | |
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| Boundary Lubrication | |
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| Viscous Flow and Reynolds Equation | |
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| Viscosity and Newtonian Fluids | |
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| Fluid Flow | |
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| Hydrostatic Lubrication | |
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| Hydrodynamic Lubrication | |
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| Thrust Bearings | |
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| Journal Bearings | |
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| Squeeze Film Bearings | |
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| Gas-Lubricated Bearings | |
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| Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication | |
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| Forms of Contacts | |
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| Line Contact | |
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| Point Contact | |
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| Thermal Correction | |
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| Lubricant Rheology | |
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| Closure | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Boundary Lubrication and Lubricants | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Boundary Lubrication | |
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| Effect of Adsorbed Gases | |
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| Effect of Monolayers and Multilayers | |
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| Effect of Chemical Films | |
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| Effect of Chain Length (or Molecular Weight) | |
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| Liquid Lubricants | |
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| Principal Classes of Lubricants | |
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| Physical and Chemical Properties of Lubricants | |
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| Additives | |
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| Greases | |
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| Closure | |
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| References | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Nanotribology | |
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| Introduction | |
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| SFA Studies | |
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| Description of an SFA | |
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| Static (Equilibrium), Dynamic and Shear Properties of Molecularly Thin Liquid Films | |
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| AFM/FFM Studies | |
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| Description of AFM/FFM and Various Measurement Techniques | |
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| Surface Imaging, Friction, and Adhesion | |
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| Wear, Scratching, Local Deformation, and Fabrication/Machining | |
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| Indentation | |
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| Boundary Lubrication | |
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| Atomic-Scale Computer Simulations | |
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| Interatomic Forces and Equations of Motion | |
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| Interfacial Solid Junctions | |
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| Interfacial Liquid Junctions and Confined Films | |
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| Closure | |
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| References | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Friction and Wear Screening Test Methods | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Design Methodology | |
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| Simulation | |
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| Acceleration | |
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| Specimen Preparation | |
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| Friction and Wear Measurements | |
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| Typical Test Geometries | |
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| Sliding Friction and Wear Tests | |
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| Abrasion Tests | |
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| Rolling-Contact Fatigue Tests | |
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| Solid-Particle Erosion Test | |
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| Corrosion Tests | |
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| Closure | |
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| References | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Tribological Components and Applications | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Common Tribological Components | |
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| Sliding-Contact Bearings | |
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| Rolling-Contact Bearings | |
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| Seals | |
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| Gears | |
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| Cams and Tappets | |
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| Piston Rings | |
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| Electrical Brushes | |
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| MEMS/NEMS | |
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| MEMS | |
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| NEMS | |
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| BioMEMS | |
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| Microfabrication Processes | |
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| Material Processing | |
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| Cutting Tools | |
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| Grinding and Lapping | |
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| Forming Processes | |
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| Cutting Fluids | |
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| Industrial Applications | |
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| Automotive Engines | |
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| Gas Turbine Engines | |
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| Railroads | |
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| Magnetic Storage Devices | |
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| Closure | |
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| References | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Green Tribology and Biomimetics | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Green Tribology | |
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| Twelve Principles of Green Tribology | |
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| Areas of Green Tribology | |
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| Biomimetics | |
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| Lessons from Nature | |
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| Industrial Significance | |
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| Closure | |
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| References | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Units, Conversions, and Useful Relations | |
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| Fundamental Constants | |
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| Conversion of Units | |
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| Useful Relations | |
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| Index | |