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Preface | |
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Reading and Analyzing Research | |
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Introduction | |
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Industry Articles and Reports | |
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White Papers | |
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Definition of a Scholarly Journal Article | |
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Sport Management Memos | |
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Locations of Scholarly Articles | |
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Quantitative versus Qualitative Research | |
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Structure of Scholarly Articles | |
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Structure of Quantitative Articles | |
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Structure of Qualitative or Theoretical Articles | |
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Structure of Research Reports or Studies | |
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Evaluating Scholarly Articles | |
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Summary | |
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Key Terms | |
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Works Cited in This Chapter | |
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Developing an Interest or Topic | |
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Introduction | |
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Ways to Find Topics: Your Manager or Your Professor | |
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Ways to Find Topics: Review of Past Reading | |
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Ways to Find Topics: New Reading | |
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Ways to Find Topics: Interviewing | |
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Ways to Find Topics: Brainstorming | |
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Ways to Find Topics: Conversing | |
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Ways to Find Topics: Faculty Suggestions | |
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Clarifying and Selecting Areas of Interest | |
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Cognitive Mapping | |
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Purpose Statements | |
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Types of Research | |
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Importance of a Purpose Statement | |
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Developing Research Questions | |
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Purpose Statements and Problem Statements | |
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Criteria for Effective Purpose Statements | |
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Summary | |
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Key Terms | |
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Works Cited in This Chapter | |
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Conducting a Literature Review | |
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Introduction | |
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Definition of a Literature Review | |
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Purposes of a Literature Review | |
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Finding Scholarly Articles | |
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Order of Reading Scholarly Journal Articles | |
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What to Look for When Reading Articles | |
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Research Methods | |
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Taking Notes as You Read | |
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Evaluating Articles | |
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Preparing an Annotated Bibliography | |
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Making a Literature Review Effective and Interesting to Do | |
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Summary | |
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Key Terms | |
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Works Cited in This Chapter | |
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Reviewing and Revising your Purpose Statement | |
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Introduction | |
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Reasons for Revising Purpose Statements | |
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Importance and Significance of a Purpose Statement | |
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Purpose Statement and Supporting Dimensions | |
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Process of Reviewing and Revising | |
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Criteria for a Good Purpose Statement | |
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Refocusing the Research | |
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A Flexible Process | |
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Doping in the Tour De France-Changing Impossible to Attainable | |
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Locally Grown Food-from Behavior to Modification | |
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Servicescape to Self-Service Technology | |
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Product Placement in Video Games | |
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Final Thoughts | |
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Summary | |
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Key Terms | |
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Works Cited in This Chapter | |
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Writing a Literature Review | |
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Introduction | |
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Purposes of a Completed Literature Review | |
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Audience | |
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Voice and Tone | |
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The Perspective of a Literature Review | |
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Constructing the Written Literature Review | |
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Criteria for a Good Literature Review | |
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Summary | |
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Key Terms | |
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Works Cited in This Chapter | |
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Forms of Qualitative Research | |
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Introduction | |
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Differences Between Qualitative and Quantitative Research | |
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Purposes of Qualitative Research | |
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Primary and Secondary Data | |
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Types of Qualitative Research | |
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Biographies and Histories | |
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Case Studies | |
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Conceptual Overviews or Reports of the Field | |
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Content Analysis | |
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Ethnographical Studies | |
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Grounded Theory | |
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Phenomenology | |
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Program Evaluations | |
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Advocacy Paper or Feasibility Study | |
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Analyzing Information in Qualitative Research | |
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Summary | |
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Key Terms | |
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Works Cited in This Chapter | |
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Forms of Quantitative Research | |
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Introduction | |
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Purposes of Quantitative Research | |
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Types of Quantitative Research | |
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Survey Research | |
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Experimental Research | |
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Post-Hoc Research | |
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Developmental Research | |
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Forecasting | |
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Role of Hypotheses | |
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Overcoming Confounding Variables | |
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Determinations of Significance | |
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Mixed Methods | |
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The Research Hourglass | |
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Summary | |
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Key Terms | |
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Works Cited in This Chapter | |
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Sampling Issues in Research | |
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Introduction | |
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Reasons for Sampling | |
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Strategies for Selecting a Sample | |
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Sample Selection Process | |
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Sampling Strategies | |
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Probability Sampling Strategies | |
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Non-Probability Sampling Strategies | |
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Sources of Sampling Bias: Systemic Bias | |
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Sources of Sampling Bias: Respondent Bias | |
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Sources of Sampling Bias: Interviewer Bias | |
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Sample Size | |
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Summary | |
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Key Terms | |
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Works Cited in This Chapter | |
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Validity, Reliability, and Credibility in Research | |
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Introduction | |
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Credibility | |
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Validity | |
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Dependent and Independent Variables | |
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Internal Validity | |
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Forms of Instrument Validity | |
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External Validity | |
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Threats to External Validity | |
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Reliability | |
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Selecting a Research Design | |
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Suggestions to Ensure Validity and Reliability | |
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Summary | |
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Key Terms | |
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Works Cited in This Chapter | |
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Research Techniques-Interviews | |
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Introduction | |
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Using Interviews | |
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Formats of Interviews | |
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The Interview Protocol | |
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Contacting the Interviewee | |
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Preparing for the Interview | |
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Stages of a Research Interview | |
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Unusual Interview Formats | |
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Group Interviews | |
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Door-to-Door Interviews | |
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Follow Up Interviews | |
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Summary | |
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Key Terms | |
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Works Cited in This Chapter | |
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Research Techniques-Questionnaires | |
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Introduction | |
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Purposes of Questionnaires | |
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Types of Questionnaires | |
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Advantages and Disadvantages | |
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Developing Questionnaires | |
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Types of Questions | |
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Electronic Questionnaires | |
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Sequencing Questions | |
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Demographic Data | |
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Questionnaire Administration | |
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Questionnaire Presentation | |
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Privacy and Permission | |
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Incentives | |
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Summary | |
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Key Terms | |
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Works Cited in This Chapter | |
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Research Techniques: Observations, Focus Groups, and Other Techniques | |
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Introduction | |
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Benefits of Observational Research | |
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Bias in Conducting Objective Observations | |
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Challenges and Recommendations for Conducting Objective Observations | |
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Observational Roles | |
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Focus Groups | |
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Benefits of Focus Groups | |
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Challenges and Recommendations for Conducting Focus Groups | |
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Size of Focus Groups | |
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Expert Panels | |
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Benefits of Expert Panels | |
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Challenges and Recommendations in Conducting Expert Panels | |
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Content Analysis | |
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Benefits of Content Analysis | |
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Challenges and Recommendations in Using Content Analysis | |
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Coding in Content Analysis | |
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Summary | |
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Key Terms | |
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Works Cited in This Chapter | |
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Analyzing Data and Other Information | |
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Introduction | |
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Steps in Analyzing Information | |
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Collecting the Information | |
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Immersing Yourself in the Data | |
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Coding Data for Privacy and Record Keeping | |
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Reviewing the Research Questions or Objectives | |
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Organizing and Sorting Information | |
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Identifying Relationships and Patterns | |
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Quantitative Analysis of Patterns | |
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Qualitative Analysis of Patterns | |
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Reviewing the Data | |
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Interpreting the Findings | |
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Displaying Information | |
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Significance | |
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Summary | |
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Key Terms | |
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Works Cited in This Chapter | |
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Writing a Research Proposal | |
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Introduction | |
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Reasons for a Proposal | |
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Elements of a Proposal | |
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Audience and Point of View | |
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Prefatory Documents | |
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Executive Summary | |
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Tips for Writing an Executive Summary | |
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Other Supporting Documents | |
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Introduction and Conclusion | |
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Criteria for a Good Research Proposal | |
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Summary | |
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Key Terms | |
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Works Cited in This Chapter | |
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Writing an Annotated Bibliography | |
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The following Appendices are available at www.wiley.com/college/mayo | |
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Refereed Scholarly Journals | |
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Hospitality, Tourism, and Sports Websites | |
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Bibliographical Tools | |
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Popular Databases | |
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Index | |