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| List of Maps and Illustrations | |
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| How to Use This Book | |
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| The Early Church, 100-500 | |
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| Setting the Context: The Origins of Christianity | |
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| The Crucible: The History of Israel | |
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| A Wider Context: The Pagan Quest for Wisdom | |
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| The Turning Point: Jesus of Nazareth | |
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| The Early Spread of Christianity | |
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| The Apostolic Age | |
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| Women in Apostolic Christianity | |
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| Christianity and Judaism: A Complex Relationship | |
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| Early Christianity and the Roman Empire | |
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| The Roman Empire, c. 100 | |
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| Christianity and the Imperial Cult | |
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| Christianity and Judaism: Marcion of Sinope | |
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| Christianity and Pagan Culture: Justin Martyr | |
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| Early Christian Worship and Life | |
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| Early Christianity and the Hellenistic World | |
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| The Greek-Speaking World, c. 200 | |
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| The Challenge of Gnosticism: Irenaeus of Lyons | |
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| The Challenge of Platonism: Clement of Alexandria and Origen | |
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| Christianity and the Cities: Alexandria and Antioch | |
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| Monasticism: A Reaction against the Cities | |
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| The Cult of Thecla: Women and the Churches | |
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| The Imperial Religion: The Conversion of Constantine | |
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| Roman Persecution of Christianity | |
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| The First Christian Emperor: Constantine | |
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| The Christianization of the Roman Empire | |
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| The Imperialization of Christianity | |
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| Augustine of Hippo: The Two Cities | |
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| The Decline of the Western Empire | |
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| The "New Rome": Byzantium and the Eastern Empire | |
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| Orthodoxy and Heresy: Patterns in Early Christian Thought | |
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| The Boundaries of Faith: A Growing Issue | |
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| The Canon of the New Testament | |
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| Arianism: The Debate over the Identity of Jesus of Nazareth | |
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| Trinitarianism: A Debate about the Nature of God | |
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| Donatism: A Debate over the Nature of the Church | |
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| Pelagianism: A Debate over Grace and Human Achievement | |
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| Innovation: A Debate over the Role of Tradition | |
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| The Origins and Development of Creeds | |
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| The Council of Chalcedon, 451 | |
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| The Middle Ages and Renaissance, c. 500-c. 1500 | |
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| Setting the Context: The Background to the High Middle Ages | |
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| Western Christianity after the Fall of Rome | |
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| The Rise of Celtic Christianity | |
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| The Seventh Century: Islam and Arab Expansion | |
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| The Age of Charlemagne | |
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| The Rise of the Monastic and Cathedral Schools | |
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| Byzantine Christianity: Monophysitism and Iconoclasm | |
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| Ninth-Century Debates: The Real Presence and Predestination | |
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| Orthodox Missions to Eastern Europe: Bulgaria and Russia | |
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| The Tenth Century: Institutional Decline and Decay | |
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| The "Great Schism" between East and West (1054) | |
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| The Dawn of the High Middle Ages | |
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| The Eleventh Century: The Gregorian Reforms | |
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| The Cultural Renaissance of the Twelfth Century | |
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| The Codification of Theology and Canon Law | |
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| The Rise of the University: The Paris and Oxford Schools | |
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| The Crusades: Spain and the Middle East | |
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| Secular and Religious Power: Innocent III | |
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| Franciscans and Dominicans: The Rise of the Mendicant Orders | |
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| Women Mystics and Female Religious Orders | |
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| Medieval Religious Thought: The Scholastic Achievement | |
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| Cathedrals of the Mind: The Rise of Scholasticism | |
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| The Handmaid of Theology: The Rediscovery of Aristotle | |
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| A Reasonable Faith: Thomas Aquinas | |
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| Medieval Proofs for the Existence of God | |
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| The Consolidation of the Church's Sacramental System | |
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| Medieval Biblical Interpretation | |
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| A Byzantine Critique of Scholasticism: Hesychasm | |
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| The Medieval Worldview: Dante's Divine Comedy | |
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| The Later Middle Ages | |
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| The Avignon Papacy and the Great Schism | |
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| The Rise of Conciliarism | |
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| Eastern Europe: The Rise of Russia as a Christian Nation | |
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| Heresy: Waldensians, Hussites, and Wycliffites | |
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| The Modern Devotion: The Brethren of the Common Life | |
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| Popular Religion: The Cult of the Saints | |
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| The Rise of the Ottoman Empire: The Fall of Constantinople (1453) | |
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| The Renaissance: Cultural Renewal and Christian Expansion | |
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| A New Technology: The Religious Importance of Printing | |
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| The Origins of the Italian Renaissance | |
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| The Nature of Humanism | |
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| Erasmus of Rotterdam | |
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| The Renaissance and Religious Renewal | |
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| Christian Arts in the Middle Ages and Renaissance | |
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| Christian Expansion: Portuguese and Spanish Voyages of Discovery | |
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| Competing Visions of Reform, c. 1500-c. 1650 | |
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| Setting the Context: The Background to the Reformation | |
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| The Pressure for Reform of the Church | |
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| The Changing Social Order of the Early Sixteenth Century | |
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| The Reformation and the Cities of Europe | |
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| A Crisis of Authority within the Church | |
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| The Origins of a Term: Protestantism | |
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| Protestantism: An Overview of a Movement | |
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| A Return to the Bible | |
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| The Doctrine of Justification by Faith | |
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| Democratization: The "Priesthood of All Believers" and the Use of the Vernacular | |
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| The Rejection of Papal Authority | |
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| Two Sacraments - and Reception in Both Kinds | |
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| A New Work Ethic and the Development of Capitalism | |
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| The Mainstream Reformation: Luther, Zwingli, and Calvin | |
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| Martin Luther: A Brief History | |
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| Luther's Reformation at Wittenberg | |
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| Huldrych Zwingli: A Brief History | |
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| Zwingli's Reformation at Zurich | |
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| John Calvin: A Brief History | |
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| Calvin's Reformation at Geneva | |
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| Reformations across Europe: The Bigger Picture | |
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| The Radical Reformation | |
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| The English Reformation: Henry VIII | |
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| The English Reformation: Edward VI to Elizabeth I | |
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| The Catholic Reformation: The Life of the Church | |
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| The Catholic Reformation: The Thought of the Church | |
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| Women and the Reformation | |
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| The Post-Reformation Era | |
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| Confessionalism: The Second Reformation | |
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| Puritanism in England and North America | |
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| The King James Bible (1611) | |
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| Christianity and the Arts | |
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| Christianity and the Sciences | |
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| The Wars of Religion | |
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| The Modern Age, c. 1650-1914 | |
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| The Age of Reason: The Enlightenment | |
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| The Rise of Indifference towards Religion | |
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| The Enlightenment and Christianity | |
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| Christian Beliefs in the "Age of Reason" | |
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| Pietism and Revival in Germany and England | |
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| America: The "Great Awakening" | |
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| The Suppression of the Jesuits, 1759-73 | |
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| The American Revolution of 1776 | |
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| The French Revolution of 1789 | |
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| England: William Wilberforce and the Abolition of Slavery | |
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| An Age of Revolution: The Long Nineteenth Century in Europe | |
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| The Napoleonic Wars and the Congress of Vienna | |
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| Orthodox Resurgence: The Greek War of Independence | |
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| Atheism and an Ideology of Revolution: Feuerbach and Marx | |
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| Human Origins: Darwin's Origin of Species (1859) | |
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| The Victorian Crisis of Faith | |
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| The Risorgimento: Italian Reunification and the Pope | |
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| The First Vatican Council: Papal Infallibility | |
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| German Culture Wars: Bismarck and Catholicism | |
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| Theological Revisionism: The Challenge of Modernism | |
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| The Long Nineteenth Century in America | |
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| Church and State: The Wall of Separation | |
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| The Second Great Awakening and American Revivalism | |
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| European Immigration and Religious Diversification | |
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| The Emergence of the "Bible Belt" | |
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| The Civil War: Slavery and Suffering | |
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| Pentecostalism: The American Origins of a Global Faith | |
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| An Age of Mission | |
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| The Origins of Protestant Missions | |
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| Missions and Colonialism: The Case of Anglicanism | |
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| Christian Missions to Asia | |
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| Christian Missions to Africa | |
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| Christian Missions to Native Americans | |
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| The Edinburgh World Missionary Conference, 1910 | |
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| The Twentieth Century, 1914 to the Present | |
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| Setting the Context: Post-War Turbulence | |
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| The Armenian Genocide of 1915 | |
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| The Russian Revolution of 1917 | |
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| Post-War Disillusionment: The Theology of Crisis | |
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| America: The Fundamentalist Controversy | |
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| Mexico: The Cristero War | |
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| The Psychological Critique of Religion: Sigmund Freud | |
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| The German Church Crisis of the 1930s | |
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| The Spanish Civil War (1936-9) | |
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| Shifts in Western Christianity since the Second World War | |
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| The New World Order: Christianity and the Cold War | |
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| The World Council of Churches: The New Ecumenism | |
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| Billy Graham and the "New Evangelicalism" | |
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| The 1960s: The Origins of a Post-Christian Europe | |
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| The Second Vatican Council: Reform and Revitalization | |
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| Reconnecting with Culture: The Rise of Apologetics | |
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| The Sixties and Beyond: Western Christianity in an Age of Transition | |
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| Christianity and the American Civil Rights Movement | |
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| The Rise of the American "Religious Right" | |
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| The Erosion of Denominationalism in the United States | |
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| Faith Renewed: John Paul II and the Collapse of the Soviet Union | |
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| Challenging the Establishment: Feminism and Liberation Theology | |
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| Responding to Cultural Change: New Forms of Churches | |
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| The Equality Agenda: The Protestant Debate over Women's Ordination | |
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| The Shift from the West: The New Christianity | |
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| The Middle East: The Decline of Arab Christianity | |
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| Korea: The Surprising Transformation of a Nation | |
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| China: The Resurgence of Christianity in the Middle Kingdom | |
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| The Rise of Post-Colonial Christianity: African Initiated Churches | |
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| The Rise of Pentecostalism in Latin America | |
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| Virtual Christianity: The Internet and New Patterns of Faith | |
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| Where Next? | |
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| A Glossary of Christian Terms | |
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| Index | |