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| Foreword | |
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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Engineering Design What does it mean to design something? Is engineering design different from other kinds of design? | |
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| Where and when do engineers design? | |
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| A basic vocabulary for engineering design | |
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| Defining engineering design | |
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| Assumptions underlying our definition of engineering design | |
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| Measuring the success of an engineered design | |
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| Form and function | |
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| Design and systems | |
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| Communication and design | |
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| Learning and doing engineering design | |
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| Engineering design problems are challenging | |
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| Learning design by doing | |
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| Managing engineering design projects | |
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| Notes | |
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| Defining a Design Process and a Case Study How do I do engineering design? Can you show me an example? | |
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| The design process as a process of questioning | |
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| Describing and prescribing a design process | |
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| Informing a design process | |
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| Informing a design process by thinking strategically | |
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| Informing a design process with formal design methods | |
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| Acquiring design knowledge to inform a design process | |
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| Informing a design process with analysis and testing | |
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| Getting feedback to inform a design process | |
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| Case study: Design of a stabilizer for microlaryngeal surgery | |
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| Illustrative design examples | |
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| Notes | |
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| The Design Process and Design Tools | |
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| Problem Definition: Detailing Customer Requirements What does the client require of this design? | |
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| Clarifying the initial problem statement | |
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| Framing customer requirements | |
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| Lists of design attributes and of design objectives | |
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| Revised problem statements: Public statements of the design project | |
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| Designing an arm support for a CP-afflicted student | |
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| Notes | |
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| Problem Definition: Clarifying The Objectives What is this design intended to achieve? | |
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| Clarifying a client's objectives | |
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| Representing lists of objectives in objectives trees | |
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| Remarks on objectives trees | |
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| The objectives tree for the juice container design | |
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| Measurement issues in ordering and evaluating objectives | |
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| Rank ordering objectives with pairwise comparison charts | |
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| An individual's rank orderings | |
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| Aggregating rank orderings for a group | |
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| Using pairwise comparisons properly | |
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| Developing metrics to measure the achievement of objectives | |
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| Establishing good metrics for objectives | |
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| Establishing metrics for the juice container | |
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| Objectives and metrics for the Danbury arm support | |
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| Notes | |
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| Problem Definition: Identifying Constraints What are the limits for this design problem? | |
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| Identifying and setting the client's limits | |
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| Displaying and using constraints | |
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| Constraints for the Danbury arm support | |
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| Notes | |
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| Problem Definition: Establishing Functions How do I express a design's functions in engineering terms? | |
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| Establishing functions | |
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| Functions: Input is transformed into output | |
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| Expressing functions | |
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| Functional analysis: Tools for establishing functions | |
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| Black boxes and glass boxes | |
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| Dissection or reverse engineering | |
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| Enumeration | |
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| Function-means trees | |
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| Remarks on functions and objectives | |
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| Design specifications: Specifying functions, features, and behavior | |
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| Attaching numbers to design specifications | |
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| Setting performance levels | |
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| Interface performance specifications | |
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| House of quality: Accounting for the customers' requirements | |
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| Functions for the Danbury arm support | |
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| Notes | |
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| Conceptual Design: Generating Design Alternatives How do I generate or create feasible designs? | |
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| Generating the "design space," a space of engineering designs | |
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| Defining a design space by generating a morphological chart | |
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| Thinking metaphorically and strategically | |
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| The 6-3-5 method | |
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| The C-sketch method | |
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| The gallery method | |
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| Guiding thoughts on design generation | |
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| Navigating, expanding, and contracting design spaces | |
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| Navigating design spaces | |
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| Expanding a design space when it is too small | |
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| Contracting a design space when it is too large | |
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| Generating designs for the Danbury arm support | |
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| Notes | |
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| Conceptual Design: Evaluating Design Alternatives and Choosing a Design Which design should I choose? Which design is "best"? | |
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| Applying metrics to objectives: Selecting the preferred design | |
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| Numerical evaluation matrices | |
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| Priority checkmark method | |
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| The best-of-class chart | |
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| An important reminder about design evaluation | |
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| Evaluating designs for the Danbury arm support | |
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| Notes | |
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| Design Communication | |
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| Communicating Designs Graphically Here's my design; can you make it? | |
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| Engineering sketches and drawings speak to many audiences | |
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| Sketching | |
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| Fabrication specifications: The several forms of engineering drawings | |
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| Design drawings | |
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| Detail drawings | |
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| Some Danbury arm support drawings | |
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| Fabrication specifications: The devil is in the details | |
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| Final notes on drawings | |
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| Notes | |
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| Prototyping and Proofing the Design Here's my design; how well does it work? | |
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| Prototypes, models, and proofs of concept | |
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| Prototypes and models are not the same thing | |
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| Testing prototypes and models, and proving concepts | |
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| When do we build a prototype? | |
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| Building models and prototypes | |
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| Who is going to make it? | |
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| Can we buy parts or components? | |
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| How, and from what, will the model/prototype be made? | |
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| How much will it cost? | |
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| Notes | |
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| Communicating Designs Orally and in Writing How do we let our client know about our solutions? | |
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| General guidelines for technical communication | |
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| Oral presentations: Telling a crowd what's been done | |
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| Knowing the audience: Who's listening? | |
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| The presentation outline | |
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| Presentations are visual events | |
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| Practice makes perfect, maybe … | |
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| Design reviews | |
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| The project report: Writing for the client, not for history | |
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| The purpose of and audience for the final report | |
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| The rough outline: Structuring the final report | |
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| The topic sentence outline: Every entry represents a paragraph | |
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| The first draft: Turning several voices into one | |
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| The final, final report: Ready for prime time | |
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| Final report elements for the Danbury arm support | |
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| Rough outlines of two project reports | |
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| ATSO for the Danbury arm support | |
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| The final outcome: The Danbury arm support | |
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| Notes | |
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| Design Modeling, Engineering Economics, and Design Use | |
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| Mathematical Modeling in Design Math and physics are very much part of the design process! | |
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| Some mathematical habits of thought for design modeling | |
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| Basic principles of mathematical modeling | |
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| Abstractions, scaling, and lumped elements | |
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| Some mathematical tools for design modeling | |
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| Physical dimensions in design (i): Dimensions and units | |
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| Physical dimensions in design (ii): Significant figures | |
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| Physical dimensions in design (iii): Dimensional analysis | |
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| Physical idealizations, mathematical approximations, and linearity | |
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| Conservation and balance laws | |
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| Series and parallel connections | |
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| Mechanical-electrical analogies | |
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| Modeling a battery-powered payload cart | |
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| Modeling the mechanics of moving a payload cart up a ramp | |
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| Selecting a battery and battery operating characteristics | |
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| Selecting a motor and motor operating characteristics | |
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| Design modeling of a ladder rung | |
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| Modeling a ladder rung as an elementary beam | |
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| Design criteria | |
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| Preliminary design of a ladder rung | |
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| Preliminary design considerations for a ladder rung | |
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| Preliminary design of a ladder rung for stiffness | |
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| Preliminary design of a ladder rung for strength | |
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| Closing remarks on mathematics, physics, and design | |
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| Notes | |
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| Engineering Economics in Design How much is this going to cost? | |
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| Cost estimation: How much does this particular design cost? | |
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| Labor, materials, and overhead costs | |
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| Economies of scale: Do we make it or buy it? | |
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| The cost of design and the cost of the designed device | |
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| The time value of money | |
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| Closing considerations on engineering and economics | |
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| Notes | |
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| Design for Production, Use, and Sustainability What other factors influence the design process? | |
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| Design for production: Can this design be made? | |
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| Design for manufacturing (DFM) | |
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| Design for assembly (DFA) | |
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| The bill of materials and production | |
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| Design for use: How long will this design work? | |
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| Reliability | |
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| Maintainability | |
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| Design for sustainability: What about the environment? | |
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| Environmental issues and design | |
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| Global climate change | |
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| Environmental life-cycle assessments | |
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| Notes | |
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| Design Teams, Team Management, and Ethics in Design | |
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| Design Team Dynamics We can do this together, as a team! | |
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| Forming design teams | |
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| Stages of group formation | |
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| Team dynamics and design process activities | |
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| Constructive conflict: Enjoying a good fight | |
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| Leading design teams | |
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| Leadership and membership in teams | |
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| Personal behavior and roles in team settings | |
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| Notes | |
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| Managing a Design Project What do you want? When do you want it? How much are we going to spend? | |
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| Getting started: Establishing the managerial needs of a project | |
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| Tools for managing a project's scope | |
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| Team charters | |
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| Work breakdown structures | |
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| The team calendar: A tool for managing a project's schedule | |
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| The budget: A tool for managing a project's spending | |
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| Monitoring and controlling projects: Measuring a project's progress | |
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| Managing the end of a project | |
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| Notes | |
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| Ethics in Design Design is not just a technical matter | |
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| Ethics: Understanding obligations | |
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| Codes of ethics: What are our professional obligations? | |
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| Obligations may start with the client… | |
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| … But what about the public and the profession? | |
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| On engineering practice and the welfare of the public | |
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| Ethics: Always a part of engineering practice | |
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| Notes | |
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| Appendices | |
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| Practical Aspects of Prototyping | |
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| Working safely in a shop | |
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| Selecting materials | |
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| Building techniques | |
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| Selecting a fastener | |
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| Fastening wood | |
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| Fastening polymers | |
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| Fastening metals | |
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| What size temporary fastener should I choose? | |
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| Notes | |
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| Practical Aspects of Engineering Drawing | |
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| Dimensioning | |
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| Orthographic views | |
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| Metric versus inch dimensioning | |
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| Line types | |
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| Orienting, spacing, and placing dimensions | |
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| Types of dimensions | |
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| Some best practices of dimensioning | |
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| Geometric tolerancing | |
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| The 14 geometric tolerances | |
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| Feature control frames | |
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| Material condition modifiers | |
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| Datums | |
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| Position tolerance | |
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| Fasteners | |
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| How do I know my part meets the specifications in my drawing? | |
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| Notes | |
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| Exercises | |
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| References and Bibliography | |
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| Index | |