| |
| |
| Preface | |
| |
| |
| |
| Solid Propellants and Their Combustion Characteristics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Background of Solid Propellant Combustion | |
| |
| |
| |
| Definition of Solid Propellants | |
| |
| |
| |
| Desirable Characteristics of Solid Propellants | |
| |
| |
| |
| Calculation of Oxygen Balance | |
| |
| |
| |
| Homogeneous Propellants | |
| |
| |
| |
| Decomposition Characteristics of NC | |
| |
| |
| |
| Heterogeneous Propellants (or Composite Propellants) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Major Types of Ingredients in Solid Propellants | |
| |
| |
| |
| Description of Oxidizer Ingredients | |
| |
| |
| |
| Description of Fuel Binders | |
| |
| |
| |
| Curing and Cross-Linking Agents | |
| |
| |
| |
| Aging | |
| |
| |
| |
| Applications of Solid Propellants | |
| |
| |
| |
| Hazard Classifications of Solid Propellants | |
| |
| |
| |
| Material Characterization of Propellants | |
| |
| |
| |
| Propellant Density Calculation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Propellant Mass Fraction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Viscoelastic Behavior of Solid Propellants | |
| |
| |
| |
| Thermal Profile in a Burning Solid Propellant | |
| |
| |
| |
| Surface and Subsurface Temperature Measurements of Solid Propellants | |
| |
| |
| |
| Interfacial Energy Flux Balance at the Solid Propellant Surface | |
| |
| |
| |
| Energy Equation for the Gas Phase | |
| |
| |
| |
| Burning Rate of Solid Propellants | |
| |
| |
| |
| Temperature Sensitivity of Burning Rate | |
| |
| |
| |
| Measurement of Propellant Burning Rate by Using a Strand Burner | |
| |
| |
| |
| Measurement of Propellant Burning Rate by Using a Small-Scale Motor | |
| |
| |
| |
| Burning Rate Temperature Sensitivity of Neat Ingredients | |
| |
| |
| |
| Solid-Propellant Rocket and Gun Performance Parameters | |
| |
| |
| |
| Performance Parameters of a Solid Rocket Motor | |
| |
| |
| |
| Thrust of a Solid Rocket Motor | |
| |
| |
| |
| Specific Impulse of a Solid Rocket Motor | |
| |
| |
| |
| Density-Specific Impulse | |
| |
| |
| |
| Effective Vacuum Exhaust Velocity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Characteristic Velocity C * | |
| |
| |
| |
| Pressure Sensitivity of Burning Rate | |
| |
| |
| |
| Thrust Coefficient Efficiency | |
| |
| |
| |
| Effect of Pressure Exponent on Stable/Unstable Burning in Solid Rocket Motor | |
| |
| |
| |
| Performance Parameters of Solid-Propellant Gun Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Energy Balance Equation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Efficiencies of Gun Propulsion Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Heat of Explosion (Ho ex) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Relative Quickness, Relative Force, and Deviations in Muzzle Velocity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Dynamic Vivacity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Thermal Decomposition and Combustion of Nitramines | |
| |
| |
| |
| Thermophysical Properties of Selected Nitramines | |
| |
| |
| |
| Polymorphic Forms of Nitramines | |
| |
| |
| |
| Polymorphic Forms of HMX | |
| |
| |
| |
| Polymorphic Forms of RDX | |
| |
| |
| |
| Thermal Decomposition of RDX | |
| |
| |
| |
| Explanation of Opposite Trends on ?- and ?-RDX Decomposition with Increasing Pressure | |
| |
| |
| Thermal Decomposition Mechanisms of RDX | |
| |
| |
| Homolytic N�N Bond Cleavage | |
| |
| |
| Concerted Ring Opening Mechanism of RDX | |
| |
| |
| Successive HONO Elimination Mechanism of RDX | |
| |
| |
| Analysis of Three Decomposition Mechanisms | |
| |
| |
| Formation of Foam Layer Near RDX Burning Surface | |
| |
| |
| Gas-Phase Reactions of RDX | |
| |
| |
| Development of Gas-Phase Reaction Mechanism for RDX Combustion | |
| |
| |
| Modeling of RDX Monopropellant Combustion with Surface Reactions | |
| |
| |
| Processes in Foam-Layer Region | |
| |
| |
| Reactions Considered in the Foam Layer | |
| |
| |
| Evaporation and Condensation Consideration for RDX | |
| |
| |
| Boundary Conditions | |
| |
| |
| Numerical Methods Used for RDX Combustion Model with Foam Layer | |
| |
| |
| Predicted Flame Structure | |
| |
| |
| Common Ingredients in Homogeneous Propellants | |
| |
| |
| Combustion Wave Structure of a Double-Base Propellant | |
| |
| |
| Burning Rate Behavior of a Double-Base Propellant | |
| |
| |
| Burning Rate Behavior of Catalyzed Nitrate-Ester Propellants | |
| |
| |
| Thermal Wave Structure and Pyrolysis Law of Homogeneous Propellants | |
| |
| |
| Dark Zone Residence Time Correlation | |
| |
| |
| Modeling and Prediction of Homogeneous Propellant Combustion Behavior | |
| |
| |
| Multi-Ingredient Model of Miller and Anderson | |
| |
| |
| NC: A Special Case Ingredient | |
| |
| |
| Comparison of Calculated Propellant Burning Rates with the Experimental Data | |
| |
| |
| Transient Burning Characterization of Homogeneous Solid Propellant | |
| |
| |
| What is Dynamic Burning? | |
| |
| |
| Theoretical Models for Dynamic Burning | |
| |
| |
| dp/dt Approach | |
| |
| |
| Flame Description Approach | |
| |
| |
| Zel�dovich Approach | |
| |
| |
| Characterization of Dynamic Burning of JA2 Propellant Using the Zel�dovich Approach | |
| |
| |
| Experimental Measurement of Dynamic Burning Rate of JA2 Propellant | |
| |
| |
| Novozhilov Stability Parameters | |
| |
| |
| Novozhilov Stability Parameters for JA2 Propellant | |
| |
| |
| Some Problems Associated with Dynamic Burning Characterization | |
| |
| |
| Factors Influencing Dynamic Burning | |
| |
| |
| Roe-Pike Method | |
| |
| |
| |
| Entropy Condition and | |
| |
| |
| Higher Order Correctio | |