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| Contributors | |
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| Preface | |
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| Process Equipment Operation | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Valves | |
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| Types of Control Valves | |
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| Control Valve Actuators | |
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| Control Valve Sizing and Selection | |
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| Common Problems of Control Valves | |
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| Diagnosing Control Valve Problems | |
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| Control Valve Reliability and Selection | |
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| Control Valve Maintenance | |
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| Control Valve Troubleshooting | |
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| References | |
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| Pumps | |
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| Types of Pumps | |
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| Pump Applications | |
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| Pump Sizing and Selection | |
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| Pump Maintenance | |
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| Pump Troubleshooting | |
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| Pipes | |
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| Types of Pipes | |
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| Pipe Selection | |
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| Pipeline Network Design and Optimization | |
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| Pipeline Failure | |
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| Pipeline Inspection and Leak Detection | |
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| Pipe Maintenance | |
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| Pipe Troubleshooting | |
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| References | |
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| Cooling Towers | |
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| Cooling Tower Operation | |
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| Types of Cooling Towers | |
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| Common Problems of Cooling Towers | |
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| Measuring Cooling Tower Performance | |
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| Cooling Tower Maintenance | |
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| References | |
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| Filters and Membranes | |
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| Types of Filters | |
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| Mechanisms of Filtration | |
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| Filter Selection | |
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| Particle-Size Measurement Techniques | |
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| Filter Location | |
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| Membrane Filtration | |
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| Filter Maintenance | |
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| References | |
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| Sealing Devices | |
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| Gaskets | |
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| Compression Packings | |
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| Mechanical Seals | |
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| Expansion Joints | |
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| General Sealing Device Selection | |
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| References | |
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| Steam Traps | |
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| Steam Trap Operation | |
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| Types of Steam Traps | |
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| Steam Trap Installation | |
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| Steam Trap Checking | |
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| Common Problems of Steam Traps | |
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| Steam Trap Selection | |
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| Steam Trap Applications | |
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| Steam Trap Sizing | |
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| Steam Trap Maintenance | |
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| References | |
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| Process Compressors | |
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| Types of Compressors | |
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| Continuous Compression Compressors | |
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| Intermittent Compression Compressors | |
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| Centrifugal Compressors | |
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| Reciprocating Piston Compressors | |
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| Compressor Troubleshooting | |
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| References | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Conveyors | |
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| Industrial Use of Conveyors | |
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| Types of Conveyors | |
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| Conveyor Selection | |
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| Conveyor Safety | |
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| Conveyor Maintenance | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Storage Tanks | |
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| Types of Storage Tanks | |
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| Storage Tank Classification | |
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| Construction Materials | |
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| Common Problems of Storage Tanks | |
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| Storage Tank Maintenance | |
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| Tank Appurtenances | |
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| Storage Tank Maintenance | |
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| References | |
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| Mixers | |
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| Mixing Concepts: Theory and Practice | |
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| Fluid Mixing | |
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| Solid Blending | |
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| Mixing High-Viscosity Materials and Pastes | |
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| Mechanical Components in Mixing Equipment | |
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| References | |
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| Boilers | |
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| Types of Boilers | |
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| Boiler Accessories | |
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| Boiler Selection | |
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| Common Problems of Boilers | |
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| Boiler Failure Analysis and Welding Defects | |
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| Boiler Maintenance | |
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| Boiler Troubleshooting | |
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| Boiler Chemicals | |
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| Boiler Efficiency and Combustion | |
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| References | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Process Plant Reliability | |
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| Engineering Economics for Chemical Processes | |
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| Time Value of Money | |
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| Cash Flow Analysis | |
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| Profitability Analysis | |
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| Cost Estimation and Project Evaluation | |
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| References | |
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| Process Component Function and Performance Criteria | |
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| Material Classification | |
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| General Physical Quantities and Considerations | |
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| Material Transfer and Conveyance Equipment | |
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| Conveyors | |
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| Pumps | |
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| Valves | |
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| Pipes | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| References | |
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| Failure Analysis and Interpretation of Components | |
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| Assessing the Situation | |
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| Failure Defined | |
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| Taking Advantage of Failure | |
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| Sources of Failure | |
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| Failure of Materials and of Machines | |
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| Types of Forces | |
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| Strength | |
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| Creep (Deformation) | |
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| Fatigue (Material) | |
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| Wear | |
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| Property Changes | |
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| Temperature | |
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| Oxidation: Molecular Transitions and Chemical Influences | |
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| Deposit Formation | |
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| Factors that Affect Deposit Formation | |
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| Documenting Failure | |
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| References | |
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| Mechanical Integrity of Process Vessels and Piping | |
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| Perspectives on Mechanical Integrity, Fitness for Service, and Condition Monitoring | |
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| Types of Flaws and Damage Mechanisms | |
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| Inspection, Characterization, and Monitoring of Flaws | |
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| Fracture Mechanics and Fitness-for-Service Assessment | |
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| Control and Prevention of Brittle Fracture | |
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| Case Histories and Examples of FFS Applications to Cracks in Process Plant Pressure Vessels | |
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| References | |
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| Design of Pressure Vessels and Piping | |
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| Modes of Failure | |
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| Basic Stress Analysis | |
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| Design of Pressure Vessels | |
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| Design of Piping Systems | |
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| References | |
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| Process Safety in Chemical Processes | |
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| The Hazards | |
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| Hazard Analysis | |
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| Risk Analysis | |
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| Safety Ratings | |
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| Development and Design of a Safe Plant | |
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| Safety Process Operation | |
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| Safety and Reliability Analysis | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Process Measurement, Control, And Modeling | |
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| Flowmeters and Measurement | |
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| Flow Measurement Techniques | |
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| Flow-Rate Meters | |
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| Common Problems of Flowmeters | |
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| Flowmeter Installation and Maintenance | |
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| Calibration and Certification | |
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| LACT and Prover Descriptions | |
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| Troubleshooting LACT and Prover Systems | |
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| Troubleshooting Flowmeters | |
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| References | |
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| Process Control | |
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| Control System Components | |
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| Control System Requirements | |
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| Sensor Response | |
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| Control Algorithms | |
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| Loop Tuning | |
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| Multiloop Control | |
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| Final Control Elements | |
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| Process Controllers | |
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| Process Modeling and Simulation | |
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| Process Modeling | |
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| Process Simulation | |
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| Process Optimization | |
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| Commercial Tools for Process Modeling, Simulation, and Optimization | |
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| Process Modeling Case Studies | |
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| Concluding Remarks | |
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| References | |
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| Methods for Measuring Process Temperature | |
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| Airflow Troubleshooting | |
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| MIG Shielding Gas Control and Optimization | |
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| Rupture Disk Selection | |
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| Pressure Gauge Selection | |
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| Corrosion and Its Mitigation in the Oil and Gas Industries | |
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| Mixers | |
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| Glossary of Processing Terms | |
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| Garlock Sealing Technologies | |
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| Index | |