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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| IP Technology Disrupts Voice Telephony | |
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| Introduction to the Public Switched Telephone Network | |
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| The Digital PSTN | |
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| The Packet Revolution in Telephony | |
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| Summary of Packet Switching | |
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| Link Capacity: TDM versus Packets | |
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| VoIP and "The Cloud" | |
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| IN SHORT: Reading Network Drawings | |
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| Traditional Telephones Still Set Expectations | |
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| Availability: How the Bell System Ensured Service | |
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| Call Completion | |
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| Sound Quality: Encoding for Recognizable Voices | |
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| Low Latency | |
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| Call Setup Delays | |
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| Impairments Controlled: Echo, Singing, Distortion, Noise | |
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| From Circuits to Packets | |
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| Data and Signaling Preceded Voice | |
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| X.25 Packet Data Service | |
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| SS7: PSTN Signaling on Packets | |
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| ISDN | |
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| Putting Voice into Packets | |
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| Voice Encoding | |
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| Dicing and Splicing Voice Streams | |
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| The Latency Budget | |
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| Packet Transmission and Switching | |
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| The Physical Layer: Transmission | |
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| IN SHORT: The Endian Wars | |
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| Data Link Protocols | |
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| IP, the Network Protocol | |
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| Layer 4 Transport Protocols | |
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| Transmission Control Protocol | |
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| User Datagram Protocol | |
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| Stream Control Transmission Protocol | |
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| Higher Layer Processes | |
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| RTP | |
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| RTCP | |
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| Multiplexing RTP and RTCP on One UDP Port | |
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| RTP Mixers and Translators | |
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| Layered Encoding | |
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| Profiles for Audio and Video Conferences | |
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| Security via Encryption | |
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| IN SHORT: Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) | |
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| Saving Bandwidth | |
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| Voice Compression | |
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| Header Compression | |
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| Silence Suppression, VAD | |
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| Sub-Packet Multiplexing | |
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| Protocol and Codec Selection | |
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| Differences: Circuit versus Packet Switched | |
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| Power to the Desktop Phone | |
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| Phone as Computer and Computer as Phone | |
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| Length of a Phone Line | |
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| Scaling to Large Size | |
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| Software Ownership and Licenses | |
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| VoIP Signaling and Call Processing | |
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| What Packet Voice and UC Systems Share | |
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| Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) | |
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| SEP Architecture | |
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| SIP Messages | |
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| SIP Header Fields and Behaviors | |
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| Session Description Protocol | |
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| IN SHORT: ABNF | |
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| Media Gateway Control Protocol | |
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| MGW Functions | |
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| MGW Connection Model | |
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| Megaco Procedures | |
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| Megaco Details | |
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| Signaling Conversion | |
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| Voice Transcoding | |
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| H.323 | |
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| H.323 Architecture | |
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| Gatekeeper | |
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| Gateway | |
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| Terminal | |
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| Multipoint Control Unit | |
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| Call Procedures | |
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| Directory Services | |
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| Domain Name Service (DNS) | |
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| ENUM | |
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| VoIP and Unified Communications Define the Future | |
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| Voice as Before, with Additions | |
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| Legacy Services to Keep and Improve with VoIP | |
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| Flexible Call Routing and 800 Numbers | |
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| Call on Hold | |
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| Call Transfer | |
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| Call Forwarding | |
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| Audio Conferencing | |
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| Video Conferencing | |
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| Local Number Portability | |
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| Direct Inward Dialing, Dialed Number Indication | |
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| Call/Message Waiting | |
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| Call Recording | |
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| Emergency Calling (E911) | |
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| Tracking IP Phone Locations for E911 | |
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| Facsimile Transmission | |
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| Facsimile on the PSTN | |
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| Real-Time Fax over IP: Fax Relay or T.38 | |
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| Store-and-Forward Fax Handling | |
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| IP Faxing over the PSTN | |
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| Phone Features Added with VoIP/UC | |
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| Presence | |
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| Forking | |
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| Voicemail = eMail | |
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| SMS Integration | |
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| Instant Messaging | |
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| Webinar Broadcasts | |
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| Telepresence | |
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| More UC Features to Consider | |
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| How VoIP and UC Impact the Network | |
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| Space, Power, and Cooling | |
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| Priority for Voice, Video, Fax Packets | |
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| Packets per Second | |
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| Bandwidth | |
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| Security Issues | |
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| Eavesdropping and vLAN Hopping | |
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| Access Controls for Users and Connections | |
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| Modems | |
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| DNS Cache Poisoning | |
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| IN SHORT: Earliest Instance of DNS Cache Poisoning | |
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| Toll Fraud | |
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| Pay-per-Call Scams | |
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| Vishing | |
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| SIP Scanning/SPIT | |
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| Opening the Firewall to Incoming Voice | |
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| First Migration Steps While Keeping Legacy Equipment | |
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| Circuit-Switched PBX | |
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| Digital Phones | |
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| Analog Phones and FX Service | |
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| Facsimile Machines | |
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| Modems | |
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| Interconnections to Global Services | |
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| Media Gateways | |
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| SIP Trunking | |
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| Operating VoIP Across Network Address Translation | |
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| Failures of SIP, SDP (Signaling) | |
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| Failures of RTP (Media) | |
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| Solutions | |
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| STUN: Session Traversal Utilities for NAT | |
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| TURN: Traversal Using Relays around NAT | |
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| ICE: Interactive Connectivity Establishment | |
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| Session Border Controller | |
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| Enterprise SBC | |
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| Carrier SBC | |
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| Supporting Multiple-Carrier Connections | |
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| Mobility and Wireless Access | |
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| VoIP on Wireless LANs/Wi-Fi | |
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| Integration of Wi-Fi and Cellular Services | |
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| Packet Voice on Mobile Broadband: WiMAX, LTE | |
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| Radio over VoIP | |
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| IN SHORT: E&M Voice Signaling | |
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| Network Management for VoIP and UC | |
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| Starting Right | |
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| Acceptance Testing | |
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| Configuration Management and Governance | |
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| Privilege Setting | |
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| Continuous Monitoring and Management | |
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| NMS Software | |
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| Simple Network Management Protocol | |
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| Web Interface | |
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| Server Logging | |
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| Software Maintenance | |
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| Quality of Service/Experience Monitoring | |
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| Validate Adjustments and Optimization | |
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| Troubleshooting and Repair | |
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| Methods | |
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| Software Tools | |
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| Test Instruments | |
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| Cost Analysis and Payback Calculation | |
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| Examples of Hardware and Software | |
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| IP Phones | |
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| Gateways | |
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| Session Border Controllers | |
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| Call-Switching Servers | |
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| IP PBX | |
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| Conference Bridges/Controllers | |
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| Call Recorder | |
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| Hosted VoIP/UC Service | |
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| Management Systems/Workstations | |
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| Appendixes | |
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| Acronyms and Definitions | |
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| Reference Documents | |
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| RFCs | |
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| ITU Recommendations | |
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| Other Sources | |
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| Message and Error Codes | |
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| Index | |