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| Maps | |
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| Preface | |
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| Introduction: Paleolithic and Neolithic Cultures around the World | |
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| Human Development in the Old Stone Age | |
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| The Neolithic Food-Producing Revolution in West Asia | |
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| Neolithic Times in Europe | |
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| Neolithic Times in Africa | |
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| Neolithic Times in Asia | |
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| Neolithic Times in the Western Hemisphere | |
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| Selected Sources | |
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| Comparative Essay | |
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| The Defining Characteristics of Civilization | |
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| Early Civilization in West Asia, Africa, the Aegean, and the Western Hemisphere | |
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| Mesopotamian Civilization | |
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| The Sumerian Exemplar of Civilized Life | |
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| Political and Cultural Developments of the Babylonians, Assyrians, and Chaldeans | |
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| African Civilization | |
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| The Land of the Nile and the Emergence of Egyptian Civilization | |
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| Lives and Times Across Cultures | |
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| Diverse Burial Customs | |
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| Discontinuities and the Rise and Decline of an Imperial Culture | |
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| The Kushite Kingdom in Upper Egypt and the Sudan | |
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| Early Aegean Civilization | |
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| The Flowering of Minoan Civilization | |
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| Lives and Times Across Cultures | |
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| Risking Death to Gain the Favor of the Gods | |
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| The Advent of the Indo-Europeans | |
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| The Rise and Fall of Mycenaean Warrior-Kings | |
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| Ancient Persian Civilization | |
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| The Rise of the Persian Empire | |
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| Persian Culture and Religion | |
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| Amerindian Civilization | |
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| The Opening of Andean Civilization: The Chavin Culture | |
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| The Advent of Mesoamerican Civilization: The Olmec | |
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| Summary | |
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| Selected Sources | |
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| Comparative Essay | |
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| The Defining Characteristics of Civilization in South and East Asia | |
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| The Early Civilizations of South and East Asia | |
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| The Indus Civilization | |
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| The Land of India | |
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| The Beginning of the Indus Civilization | |
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| An Urban Culture: Mohenjo-Daro | |
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| Society and Economy | |
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| Indus Religion | |
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| The End of Indus Civilization | |
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| The Aryan Invasion and Early Vedic Age | |
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| Early Vedic Society and Economy | |
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| Religion | |
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| The Appearance of Writing | |
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| The Late Vedic Age | |
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| Late Vedic Society and Economy | |
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| Religion | |
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| The Upanishads | |
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| China from the Neolithic Age to the Shang Dynasty | |
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| The Land of China | |
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| The Study of Ancient China | |
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| The Rise of the Shang Dynasty, 1766-1122 B.C.E. | |
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| Shang Government | |
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| Society and Economy during the Shang Era | |
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| Science, Arts, and Crafts | |
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| Lives and Times Across Cultures | |
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| Royal Tombs in Bronze Age Greece and China | |
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| Lives and Times Across Cultures | |
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| Feasting in Bronze Age Greece and China | |
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| A Pictographic Script | |
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| The Chou Dynasty | |
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| The Chou Conquest | |
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| Western Chou Society and Economy | |
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| Chou Religion | |
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| The Eastern Chou | |
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| Eastern Chou Society and Economy | |
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| Summary | |
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| Selected Sources | |
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| Comparative Essay | |
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| Great Faiths and Philosophies | |
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| The Flowering of Great Faiths and Philosophies | |
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| Civilization in Palestine and Phoenicia | |
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| Israelite Political History | |
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| Judaism | |
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| The Phoenicians: Catalysts of Culture | |
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| Classical Greek Civilization | |
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| The Archaic Revival: New Patterns of Government | |
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| Athenian and Spartan Social and Political Patterns | |
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| The Persian and Peloponnesian Wars | |
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| Greek Intellectual History: From Myth to Philosophy | |
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| Lives and Times Across Cultures | |
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| Big-Time Sports in Ancient Greece | |
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| The Greek Origins of European Literature | |
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| Greek Art and Architecture | |
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| The Rise of Buddhism and Jainism in India | |
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| The Life of Buddha | |
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| The Orthodox: Theravada Buddhism | |
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| Evolution of the Great Vehicle: Mahayana Buddhism | |
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| Jainism | |
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| China: Confucianism, Taoism, and Legalism | |
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| The Idealist: Confucius and His Teachings | |
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| The Reformer: Mencius and the Confucian Consensus | |
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| The Mystic: Lao Tzu and Taoism | |
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| The Totalitarians: Legalism | |
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| The Three Ideologies Compared | |
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| The Brief Rise and Fall of the Ch'in | |
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| Lives and Times Across Cultures | |
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| Military Innovations | |
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| Lives and Times Across Cultures | |
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| Slavery and Volatile Social Status | |
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| Summary | |
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| Selected Sources | |
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| Comparative Essay | |
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| The Defining Characteristics of Great Empires | |
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| The Age of Great Empires | |
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| Macedonian Conquest and Hellenistic Empires | |
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| The Father: Philip | |
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| The Mother: Olympias | |
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| The Son: Alexander | |
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| A Sophisticated, Cosmopolitan Society and Economy | |
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| An Age of Scientific Advances | |
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| Escapism and Individualism in Hellenistic Culture | |
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| The Rise and Decline of Roman Power in the Mediterranean World | |
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| The Early Roman Republic | |
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| The Roman Conquest of Italy and the Mediterranean | |
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| Lives and Times Across Cultures | |
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| Women's Rights: A Test Case in Republican Rome? | |
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| The Breakdown of the Republic and the Rise of Augustus | |
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| Roman Cultural Developments | |
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| Politics, Society, and Economics in the Early Empire | |
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| Decay and Temporary Recovery in the Later Roman Empire | |
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| Lives and Times Across Cultures | |
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| "The Going Rate": Wages and Prices in the Roman Empire and China | |
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| India's First Imperial Age: The Mauryan Empire (326-184 B.C.E.) | |
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| Persian and Greek Precursors | |
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| The Rise of Chandragupta Maurya | |
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| Emperor Asoka | |
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| Culture of the Asokan Age | |
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| Life under the Mauryans | |
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| Successor States to the Mauryan Empire | |
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| Kushan Culture: Buddhism in a Cosmopolitan Setting | |
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| China's First Imperial Age: The Han Dynasty | |
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| The Han Dynasty, 202 B.C.E.-220 C.E. | |
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| Han Government | |
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| Lives and Times Across Cultures | |
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| Mathematical Problems in the Ancient World | |
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| The Land and People | |
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| Cities, Manufacturing, and Commerce | |
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| The Silk Road: Link between East and West | |
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| Religious and Intellectual Life | |
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| Summary | |
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| Selected Sources | |
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| Comparative Essay | |
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| The Decline and Fall of Empires | |
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| Disruption and Renewal in West Asia and Europe | |
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| Political, Religious, and Social Unrest in Palestine: 63 B.C.E to 73 C.E. | |
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| Palestine under Roman Rule | |
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| Religious Ferment | |
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| A Noble Social Experiment: The Essenes | |
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| Early Christianity | |
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| The Origins of Christianity | |
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| The Triumph of Christianity | |
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| Lives and Times Across Cultures | |
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| Women and the Medical Professions in Late Antiquity | |
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| Upheaval and Transition in Western Europe | |
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| The Fall of the Roman Empire in the West | |
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| The Germanic States of Western Europe | |
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| The Triumph and Disintegration of the Carolingian Empire | |
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| Religious and Cultural Developments in Early Western Europe | |
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| Lives and Times Across Cultures | |
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| Food for Buddhist and Christian Monks | |
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| Europe under Siege: A New Wave of Invaders | |
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| Feudal Relationships | |
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| Europe in the Middle Ages | |
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| Economic and Social Changes in the Countryside | |
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| The Growth of Trade and the Development of Towns | |
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| The Theory and Practice of Christianity | |
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| Jews in Medieval European Life | |
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| Feudal Monarchy in Western Europe | |
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| The Spiritual and Intellectual Life of the Later Middle Ages | |
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| Medieval Literature, Art, and Architecture | |
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| The East Roman or Byzantine Empire | |
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| Life in the Byzantine Empire in 500 | |
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| Justinian I | |
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| The Empire's Neighbors | |
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| Religious Issues | |
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| Byzantine Decline | |
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| Islam and Islamic Empires | |
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| Muhammad: A Religious and Political Leader | |
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| Lives and Times Across Cultures | |
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| People of the Book | |
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| The First Four Caliphs and Islamic Conquests | |
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| The Umayyad Caliphate | |
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| The Split between Sunnis and Shi'i | |
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| The Establishment of the Abbasid Caliphate | |
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| Summary | |
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| Selected Sources | |
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| Comparative Essay | |
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| Disruption and Renewal in South and East Asia | |
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| Disruption and Renewal in South and East Asia | |
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| India from the Guptas to the Muslim Dynasties | |
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| The Gupta Empire, Harsha, and the Rajputs | |
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| Religious Developments: Hinduism and Buddhism | |
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| Art, Architecture, Life, and Culture | |
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| India under the Impact of Islam | |
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| Indianized Southeast Asia | |
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| Indian Economic and Cultural Expansion | |
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| Mainland Southeast Asia | |
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| Island Southeast Asia | |
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| China's Second Imperial Age | |
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| Political Turmoil and Barbarian Invasions | |
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| Buddhism in China | |
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| China Reunified: The Sui and T'ang Dynasties | |
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| Lives and Times Across Cultures | |
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| Cultural Borrowing and Adaptation-The Chair | |
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| An Enlightened Government and a Prosperous Economy | |
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| China and the World Beyond | |
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| The Apogee of Buddhism | |
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| The Golden Age of Poetry and Sculpture | |
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| China Partitioned: The Sung and Nomadic Dynasties, 960-1279 | |
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| A Checkered History | |
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| Difficulties in the Pursuit of Peace and War | |
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| Dynamic Neo-Confucianism and Stagnant Buddhism | |
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| Age of Refinement in Culture and the Arts | |
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| Lives and Times Across Cultures | |
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| Companionable and Bossy Wives | |
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| Two Sinicized States | |
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| Korea | |
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| Vietnam | |
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| Japan: The Merging of Chinese and Native Cultures | |
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| Geography and Early History | |
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| The Adoption of Chinese Civilization | |
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| Departures from Chinese Models | |
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| Language and the Arts in the Nara and Heian Periods | |
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| Early Feudal Japan | |
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| Lives and Times Across Cultures | |
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| Japanese Adaptations | |
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| Religion and Social Life during the Early Feudal Era | |
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| Summary | |
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| Selected Sources | |
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| Comparative Essay | |
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| Cultural Borrowing and Cultural Isolation | |
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| Developing Civilizations | |
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| Mesoamerican Civilization | |
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| Urban Splendor: Teotihuacan | |
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| The Integration of Mesoamerican Civilization: The Maya | |
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| Mesoamerican Imperialism: The Aztecs | |
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| Andean Civilization | |
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| The Artistry of the Moche Culture | |
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| Lives and Times Across Cultures | |
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| Women and Religious Rituals | |
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| Amerindian Social Engineering: The Inka | |
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| African Cultures | |
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| Geographic and Social Diversity in Africa | |
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| Lives and Times Across Cultures | |
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| Folk Wisdom | |
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| Islamic North Africa | |
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| Christian Ethiopia | |
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| The Bantu | |
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| Successor States or Kingdoms of Gold and Salt: Ghana, Mali, and Songhai | |
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| Prosperous West African Kingdoms | |
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| The States of Central Africa | |
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| Commercial Wealth in East Africa | |
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| Inland Cities in Southern Africa | |
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| Summary | |
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| Selected Sources | |
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| Comparative Essay | |
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| The Development of International Trade | |
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| Three Continents: Conflict and Commerce | |
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| The Golden Age of Islam | |
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| Life under the Abbasids | |
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| Abbasid Decline | |
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| The Glories of Muslim Spain | |
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| Islamic Theology, Philosophy, and Science | |
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| Major Architectural Achievements | |
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| Islamic Literature and the "Lively Arts" | |
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| The Crusades | |
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| Crusading Zeal | |
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| The Divided Muslim World | |
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| Lives and Times Across Cultures | |
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| Schools and Universities | |
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| The Crusader States | |
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| Muslim Counterattacks | |
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| Cultural and Commercial Exchanges | |
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| The Mongol Conquest of Eurasia | |
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| Genghis Khan, the World Conqueror, 1155-1227 | |
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| Genghis Khan's Heritage | |
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| Lives and Times Across Cultures | |
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| Treasures from Royal Tombs | |
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| Mongol Domains under Genghis Khan's Heirs | |
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| Kubilai Khan's Empire | |
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| The Last Mongol Conquests in West Asia and Russia | |
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| The Mongol Legacy | |
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| The Yuan Dynasty | |
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| The II-Khanate of Persia | |
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| The Golden Horde | |
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| The Khanate of Chagatai | |
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| The Empire of Timurlane | |
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| The Legacy of Mongol Imperialism | |
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| New Dynasties in West Asia | |
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| The Flowering of Islamic Culture in Persia | |
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| The Mamluk Dynasties | |
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| The House of Osman | |
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| The Conquest of Constantinople | |
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| Summary | |
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| Selected Sources | |
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| Comparative Essay | |
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| European Imperialism through the End of the Seventeenth Century | |
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| Emerging Global Interrelations | |
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| The Rival Ottoman and Safavid Empires | |
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| Ottoman Territorial Expansion and Government | |
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| Social and Economic Life in the Ottoman Empire | |
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| Cultural and Artistic Achievements | |
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| The Imperial Safavids | |
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| Architecture, the Fine Arts, and Literature in Persia | |
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| Wars between the Rival Empires | |
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| The Culture of the Renaissance in Europe | |
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| The Origins of the Renaissance: Italian Literature and Humanism | |
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| Lives and Times Across Cultures | |
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| Racy Tales | |
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| Renaissance Art in Italy | |
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| The Renaissance outside Italy | |
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| Women and the Renaissance | |
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| European Nation-States and the Reformation | |
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| The Centralization of Western European Monarchies | |
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| The Background of the Protestant Reformation | |
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| Martin Luther Breaks with the Church | |
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| Protestant Reformers after Luther | |
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| Lives and Times Across Cultures | |
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| Life in Geneva and Venice in the Sixteenth Century | |
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| Women and the Reformation | |
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| The Roman Catholic or Counter-Reformation | |
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| European Expansion | |
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| African Kingdoms, European Contacts, and the Slave Trade | |
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| European Entry into Africa | |
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| Dutch Settlements in South Africa | |
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| The Slave Trade in Africa | |
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| European Colonial Empires in the Western Hemisphere | |
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| Early European Exploration of the Western Hemisphere | |
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| Spanish Conquests in Mexico and South America | |
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| Rival Empires in the Western Hemisphere | |
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| Lives and Times Across Cultures | |
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| New Stuff on Your Plate | |
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| Summary | |
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| Selected Sources | |
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| Comparative Essay | |
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| Asia in the Early Modern Era | |
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| Romanizing Chinese Words | |
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| Credits | |
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| Index | |