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The Need For Water in Ancient Societies (3100 B.C.E.�100 C.E.) | |
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Aerial Photograph of Pre-Roman City in Italy | |
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Major Ancient Levees Identifiable in LANDSAT Imagery | |
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Early Egyptian King Cutting an Irrigation Ditch, Drawn from Mace-head Carving, 3100 B.C.E | |
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Shaduf | |
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Saqiya | |
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Square-Pallet Chain Pump | |
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Noria | |
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Sections from the Code of Hammurabi Referring to Irrigation, 1750 B.C.E | |
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Sima Qian�s Description of the Building of the Zhengguo Canal, ca. 100 B.C.E | |
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Suetonius�s Description of the Water Projects Undertaken by Emperor Claudius (r. 41�54 C.E.) | |
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Activities of Shao Xinchen, Han Dynasty, before 33 B.C.E | |
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Frontinus�s Discussion of Rome�s Water System ca. 100 C.E | |
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Memorial from Jia Rang, 1st century B.C.E | |
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Writing and Power: Defining World-Views (1750 B.C.E.�250 C.E.) | |
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Excerpts from Atra-hasis | |
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Excerpts from Book 10 of the Rig Veda | |
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From the First Book of Moses, called Genesis | |
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From Yijing, Commentary on the Appended Judgments | |
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From Popol Vuh, �The Book of the People.� From �The Beginning of the World,� in Kojiki | |
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Representing the Human Form (600 B.C.E.�1500 C.E.) | |
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Anavyssos Kouros, Attica near Athens, ca. 525 B.C.E | |
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Peplos Kore, Athens, ca. 530 B.C.E | |
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Theseus and the Amazons, from an Attic Red-figured Krater,1 ca. 440 B.C.E | |
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Polykleitos, Doryphoros or �The Canon,� ca. 440 B.C.E | |
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(Roman copy) | |
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Praxiteles, Aphrodite of Knidos, ca. 340 B.C.E | |
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(Roman copy) | |
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Yakshi, from a Pillar at the Great Stupa of Bharhut, ca. 100 B.C.E | |
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Standing Buddha, from Gandhara, ca. 200 C.E | |
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Buddha with Halo, from Sarnath, Gupta Period, 5th Dynasty | |
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Tibetan Sculpture of the Bodhisattva Vajrapani | |
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Head of Pacal the Great, from His Tomb at Palenque, 684 C.E | |
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Door Lintel Showing King Shield Jaguar and Lady Xoc in a Bloodletting Ritual, 709 C.E | |
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Mural at Bonampak Showing King Chaan-muan Judging Defeated Enemies, 792 C.E | |
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Vase Painting Showing God L, Several Goddesses, and Rabbit-Scribe, ca. 600�900 C.E | |
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Terra-cotta Head of a King, Ife, ca. 1000�1200 C.E | |
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Copper Obalufon Mask, Ife, 1000�1200 C.E | |
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Brass Head of Queen Mother, Benin, ca. 1500 | |
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Brass Plaque Depicting the Oba Esigie, Benin, ca. 1500 | |
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Han and Rome: Asserting Imperial Authority (300 B.C.E.�400 C.E.) | |
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From Sima Qian, The Annals of Qin, ca. second century B.C.E | |
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Grave Mound of Qin Shi Huangdi at Mt. Li | |
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Flanking Pit of Excavated Tomb of Qin Shi Huangdi | |
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From Dong Zhongshu (Tung Chung-shu), Essays on Kingship | |
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Han Wendi (Wen-ti), On the Eclipse of the Sun | |
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From Caesar Augustus, The Achievements of the Divine Augustus | |
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From Cassius Dio, Roman History | |
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Roman Coin of the Reign of Emperor Nero (r. 54�68) | |
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Trajan�s Column, Rome | |
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Detail from Trajan�s Column | |
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Roman Temple Inscription in Myra, Lycia (Asia Minor) | |
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Edict and Speech of Nero to the Greeks | |
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International Religious Communities (300 B.C.E.�800 C.E.) | |
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Selections from Ashoka (As�oka), Rock and Pillar Edicts | |
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Ashokan Pillar with a Single-Lion Capital at Vaishali, India | |
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From the Asokavadana | |
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Constantinian Edicts | |
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Selections from Eusebius, Life of Constantine | |
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Two Constantinian Coins | |
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Selections from the Qur�an | |
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Selections from the Hadith | |
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Selections from Ibn Ishaq, The Life of Muhammad, Apostle of Allah | |
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From Abu Yusuf (d. A.H | |
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182/798 C.E.), Book of Land-tax | |
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Muhammad Addresses Ali and Other Leaders Before the Battle of Badr, from Rashid al-Din, Jami�al-tawarikh | |
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Vikings and Polynesians: Exploring New Worlds (300�1100) | |
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From Adam of Bremen, History of the Archbishoprics of Hamburg-Bremen, 11th century | |
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Illuminated French Manuscript on Life of St | |
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Aubin, St. Aubin Abbey, ca. 1100 | |
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Memorial Stone, Gotland, Sweden, 8th to 9th century | |
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Oseberg Viking Ship, Norway, 9th to 10th century | |
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Runic Memorial Inscriptions, Germany, Norway, and Sweden | |
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Buried Viking Hoard, Hon, Norway | |
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From Greenlanders� Saga, 13th Century | |
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Site Plan, L�Anse aux Meadows, Newfoundland, Canada and House, St�ng, Iceland | |
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from William Ellis, Polynesian Researches, 19th Century | |
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Detail from William Hodges, Tahiti Revisited, 1776 | |
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Petroglyphs of Hawaiian Canoes | |
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Reconstructed Double-Hulled Hawaiian Canoe Hokule�a and Route of Its Voyages | |
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From David Malo, Hawaiian Antiquities, early 19th century | |
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Excerpts from the Oral Traditions of Rennell and Bellona | |
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Development Sequence of Polynesian Languages | |
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Plant Species Introduced into Polynesia Before European Contact | |
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Monolithic Statues | |
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Two Faces of �Holy War�: Christians and Muslims (1095�1270S) | |
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Muslims on Christians: Usamah ibn-Munqidh Describes the Franks | |
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Ibn al-Athir, The Capture of Jerusalem, 1187 | |
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From Imad ad-Din, History of the Fall of Jerusalem | |
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Europeans on Muslims: From Peter Tudebode, History of the Jerusalem Journey | |
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From Fulcher of Chartres, A History of the Expedition to Jerusalem, 1095-1127 | |
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From William of Tyre, A History of Deeds Done Beyond the Sea | |
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Geoffrey de Vinsauf, �How Saladin, extolling the law of Mahomet, is reproved by a jester.� Ambrose, �How the Infidels Had Desecrated the Churches of Acre.� de Joinville, �Something Concerning These Bedouins.� | |
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Fiction and The Emotions in Japanese, Arabian, and Irish Culture (1000�1400 C.E.) | |
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From the Tale of the Genji | |
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From the Arabian Nights | |
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From �The Wooing of Emer.� | |
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The Mongol Conquest: Scourge or Stimulus? (1206�1360) | |
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From The Secret History of the Mongols | |
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Selections from �A Journey to the West� by Yel� Chucai | |
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Selections from Rashid al-Din Tabib�s The Successors of Genghiz Khan | |
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Selections from Juvaini�s The History of the World Conqueror | |
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Persian Miniature Illustrating a Mongol Attack on a City | |
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Tale of the Destruction of Riazan | |
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The Account of John de Plano Carpini | |
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Selections from the Travel Account of William of Rubruck | |
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From Francis Balducci Pegolotti, Book of Description of Countries | |
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Regional Metropolises: Constantinople and Tenochtitl�n (1160�1521) | |
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From Benjamin of Tudela, Travels of Rabbi Benjamin of Tudela, 1160�1173 | |
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From Robert of Clari, Conquest of Constantinople, 1203 | |
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Nicetas Choniates, �Destruction of Ancient Art in the Latin Sack of Constantinople.� Illustrated Map of Constantinople, 13th century | |
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Interior, Saint Sophia | |
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George Acropolites, �The Byzantine Recovery of Constantinople: Thanksgiving and Celebration,� 1261 | |
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Chrysobull Detailing Extraordinary Privileges for the Venetians, 1082 | |
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Letter of Hernan Cort�s to Charles V, King of Spain | |
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From Bernal D�az del Castillo, The Discovery and Conquest of Mexico | |
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Spanish Illustrated Map of Tenochtitl�n, Printed in Nuremberg, 1524 | |
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The Excavated Site of the Great Temple Enclosure | |
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The Great Temple Enclosure at Tenochtitl�n, from the Florentine Codex | |
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Sacred Journeys: Pilgrimages in Buddhism and Islam (629�1324) | |
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From the Diary of Ennin, 838-847 | |
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From Journey to the West, or The Monkey-King, 17th century | |
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Modern Portrait of Xuanzang | |
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From Naser-e Khosraw, Book of Travels | |
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The Travels of Ibn Jubayr | |
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From al-Maqrizi�s Account of Mansa Musa | |
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From al-Umari�s Account of Mansa Musa | |
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From Ibn Khaldun�s Account of Mansa Musa | |
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The Well-Educated Man: Students and Scholars In China, Paris, and Timbuktu (1180�1600) | |
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Zhu Xi, Articles of the White Deer Grotto Academy, 1180 | |
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Zhu Xi, Proposals for Schools and Official Recruitment, 1195 | |
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Cheng Duanli, A Schedule for Learning, 1315 | |
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Description of Ahmad al-Tinbukti, from Ahmad Baba, al-Dhayl, ca. 1600 | |
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Description of Muhammad Baghayogho, from Ahmad Baba, al-Dhayl, ca. 1600 | |
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Statutes for the University of Paris Issued by Robert Cour�on, 1215 | |
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Rules for Licensing a Student to Teach at the University of Paris | |
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Robert de Sorbon�s Regulations for His College, Before 1274 | |
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Facing the Black Death (1300�1400) | |
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From Ibn Khaldun, The Muqaddimah: An Introduction to History | |
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From Giovanni Boccaccio, The Decameron | |
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From Ibn Battuta, Travels in Asia and Africa, 1325�1354 | |
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From Ioannes Cautacuzenos (John VI of Byzantium), Historarum | |
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From the Chronicle of Jean de Venette | |
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Lieferinxe, St. Sebastian Interceding for the Plague-Stricken | |
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A Prayer to St. Sebastian | |
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Citations from the Hadith | |
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An Arab Doctor�s Medical Perspective on the Black Death | |
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Cryptograms | |
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From Ibn al-Wardi, �An Essay on the Report of the Pestilence.� A Fifteenth-Century Treatise on the Pestilence | |
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From Report of the Paris Medical Faculty, October 1348 | |
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A Wholesome Medicine Against All Infirmities | |
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From Petrarch, �Letters on Familiar Matters.� | |
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Cross-Cultural Encounters: Travel, Religion, Conquests, and Trade (1400�1700) | |
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China: Zheng He�s Inscriptions in Stone, 1431 | |
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Zhang Han�s Essay on Merchants | |
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The Biography of Zhu Jiefu | |
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Chang Hsieh�s Advice to Traders (1618) | |
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Europe: Christopher Columbus Journal, 1530s | |
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Las Casas, Teaching the True Religion (1530s) | |
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Richard Hakluyt (the Younger), Discourse on Western Planting (1584) | |
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Sir John Chardin, Travels in Persia | |
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Thomas Mun, England�s Treasure (1664) | |
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Muslim Regions: Travels of Ibn Battuta, c. 1353 | |
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Evliy� Efend�, Narrative of Travels | |
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Africa: Nzinga Mbemba, King of Kongo, to the King of Portugal, 1526 | |
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Pate Chronicle | |
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Statistics: Rates of Population Growth, 1000-1820 (ave. annual compound growth rates) | |
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Per Capita Gross Domestic Product (in 1990 international dollars), 1000-1700 | |
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Population and Gross Domestic Product Growth, 1500-1700 (in %) | |
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Urbanization Ratios in China and Western Europe, 1000-1700 (population in cities 10,000 and over as percentage of total population) | |
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Slave Exports from Africa, By Destination (000s), 650-1800 | |
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World Gold Output by Region, 1493-1700 (in million fine oz.) | |
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Gold and Silver Shipments from the Americas to Europe, 1500-1700 (metric tons) | |
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Exports of Gold and Silver from Europe, 1600-1700 (metric tons of silver equivalent) | |
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Tobacco Imported to England from Virginia and Maryland Colonies, 1620-1700 (000s pounds) | |
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Number of Ships Sailing to Asia by Country, 1500-1700 | |
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Sugar Exports from Barbados to London, 1651-1700 (in tons) | |
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Sugar Production in Brazil, 1600-1625 (in metric tons) | |
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Wealth Distribution in Mughul Empire, c. 1600 (in percentages) | |