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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Introduction to the Learner | |
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| Using This Book | |
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| Pretest and Mathematics Review | |
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| Essential Skills Evaluation: Pretest | |
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| Essential Skills Evaluation: Pretest Answer Sheet | |
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| Mathematics Diagnostic Evaluation | |
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| Fractions and Decimals | |
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| Fractions | |
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| Types of Fractions | |
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| Equivalent Fractions | |
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| Conversion | |
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| Comparing Fractions | |
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| Addition and Subtraction of Fractions | |
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| Multiplication of Fractions | |
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| Division of Fractions | |
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| Decimals | |
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| Decimal Fractions and Decimal Numbers | |
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| Comparing Decimals | |
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| Conversion between Fractions and Decimals | |
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| Addition and Subtraction of Decimals | |
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| Multiplying Decimals | |
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| Dividing Decimals | |
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| Rounding Decimals | |
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| Ratios, Percents, Simple Equations, and Ratio-Proportion | |
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| Ratios and Percents | |
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| Ratios | |
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| Percents | |
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| Converting Among Ratios, Percents, Fractions, and Decimals | |
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| Comparing Percents and Ratios | |
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| Solving Simple Equations for X | |
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| Ratio-Proportion: Cross-Multiplying to Solve for X | |
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| Finding the Percentage of a Quantity | |
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| Self-Evaluation | |
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| Measurement Systems, Drug Orders, and Drug Labels | |
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| Systems of Measurement | |
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| Metric System | |
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| Apothecary and Household Systems | |
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| Other Common Drug Measurements: Units and Milliequivalents | |
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| Conversions: Metric and Household Systems | |
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| Identifying Need for Unit Conversion | |
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| Converting from One Unit to Another Using the Conversion Factor Method | |
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| Converting within the Metric System | |
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| Approximate Equivalents | |
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| Converting Between Systems of Measurement Using the Conversion Factor Method | |
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| Conversions for Other Clinical Applications: Time and Temperature | |
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| Converting Between Traditional and International Time | |
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| Converting Between Celsius and Fahrenheit Temperature | |
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| Equipment Used in Dosage Measurement | |
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| Oral Administration | |
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| Medicine Cup | |
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| Calibrated Dropper | |
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| Pediatric Oral Devices | |
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| Parenteral Administration | |
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| 3 mL Syringe | |
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| Prefilled Single-Dose Syringe | |
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| Insulin Syringe | |
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| 1 mL Syringe | |
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| Safety Syringe | |
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| Intravenous Syringe | |
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| Needleless Syringe | |
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| Interpreting Drug Orders | |
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| Medical Abbreviations | |
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| The Drug Order | |
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| Medication Order and Administration Forms | |
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| Computerized Medication Administration Systems | |
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| Understanding Drug Labels | |
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| Brand and Generic Names | |
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| Dosage Strength | |
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| Form | |
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| Supply Dosage | |
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| Total Volume | |
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| Administration Route | |
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| Directions for Mixing or Reconstituting | |
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| Label Alerts | |
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| Name of the Manufacturer | |
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| Expiration Date | |
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| Lot or Control Numbers | |
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| National Drug Code (NDC) | |
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| Controlled Substance Schedule | |
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| Barcode Symbols | |
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| United States Pharmacopeia (USP) and National Formulary (NF) | |
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| Unit- or Single-Dose Labels | |
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| Combination Drugs | |
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| Supply Dosage Expressed as a Ratio or Percent | |
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| Checking Labels | |
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| Preventing Medication Errors | |
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| Prescription | |
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| Verbal Orders | |
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| Transcription | |
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| Safe Medication Administration | |
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| Right Patient | |
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| Right Drug | |
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| Right Amount | |
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| Right Route | |
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| Right Time | |
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| Right Documentation | |
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| The Nurse's Critical Role in Medication Error Prevention | |
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| Self-Evaluation | |
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| Drug Dosage Calculations | |
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| Oral Dosage of Drugs | |
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| Tablets and Capsules | |
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| Three-Step Approach to Dosage Calculations | |
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| Oral Liquids | |
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| Parenteral Dosage of Drugs | |
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| Injectable Solutions | |
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| High-Alert Parenteral Medications | |
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| Heparin | |
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| Insulin | |
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| Insulin Labels | |
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| Insulin Action Times | |
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| Premixed, Combination Insulin | |
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| Interpreting the Insulin Order | |
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| Insulin Administration | |
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| Measuring Insulin in an Insulin Syringe | |
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| Combination Insulin Dosage | |
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| Insulin Coverage-The "Sliding Scale" | |
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| Prefilled U-100 Insulin Pens | |
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| U-500 Insulin | |
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| Avoiding Insulin Dosage Errors | |
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| Reconstitution of Solutions | |
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| Solution Properties | |
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| Reconstitution of Injectable Medications in Powder Form | |
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| Types of Reconstituted Parenteral Solutions | |
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| Single-Strength Solution | |
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| Multiple-Strength Solution | |
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| Reconstituted Parenteral Solutions with Various Routes | |
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| Drugs with Injection Reconstitution Instructions for Either IM or IV | |
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| Drugs with Different IM and IV Reconstitution Instructions | |
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| Drugs with Instructions to "See Package Insert" for Dilution and Administration | |
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| Reconstitution of Noninjectable Solutions | |
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| Solution Concentration | |
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| Calculating Solutions | |
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| Topical Solutions and Irrigants | |
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| Oral and Enteral Feedings | |
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| Diluting Ready-to-Use Nutritional Liquids | |
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| Pediatric and Adult Dosages Based on Body Weight | |
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| Administering Medications to Children | |
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| Converting Pounds to Kilograms | |
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| Body Weight Method for Calculating Safe Pediatric Dosage | |
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| Single-Dosage Drugs | |
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| Single-Dosage-Range Drugs | |
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| Routine or Round-the-Clock Drugs | |
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| Daily-Dosage-Range Drugs | |
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| Daily-Dosage-Range Drugs with Maximum Daily Allowance | |
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| Underdosage | |
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| Combination Drugs | |
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| Adult Dosages Based on Body Weight | |
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| Alternative Dosage Calculation Methods: Ratio-Proportion and Dimensional Analysis | |
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| Converting Using the Ratio-Proportion Method | |
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| Using Ratio-Proportion to Calculate Dosages | |
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| Using Dimensional Analysis to Calculate Dosages | |
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| Self-Evaluation | |
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| Advanced Calculations | |
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| Intravenous Solutions, Equipment, and Calculations | |
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| IV Solutions | |
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| Solutions Components | |
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| Solution Strength | |
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| Solution Additives | |
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| Calculating Components of IV Solutions When Expressed as a Percent | |
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| IV Sites | |
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| Monitoring IVs | |
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| Primary and Secondary IVs | |
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| Blood Administration Tubing | |
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| IV Flow Rate | |
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| Electronically-Regulated IVs | |
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| Calculating Flow Rates for Infusion Pumps in mL/h | |
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| Manually-Regulated IVs | |
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| Calculating Flow Rates for Manually-Regulated IVs in gtt/min | |
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| Formula Method | |
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| Shortcut Method | |
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| Adjusting IV Flow Rate | |
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| Intermittent IV Infusions | |
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| IV Piggybacks | |
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| Saline and Heparin IV Locks for IV Push Drugs | |
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| ADD-Vantage System | |
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| Calculating IV Infusion Time and Volume | |
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| Body Surface Area and Advanced Pediatric Calculations | |
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| Body Surface Area Method | |
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| BSA Formula | |
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| BSA Nomogram | |
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| BSA Dosage Calculations | |
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| Pediatric Volume Control Sets | |
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| Intermittent IV Medication Infusion via Volume Control Set | |
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| Minimal Dilutions for IV Medications | |
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| Calculation of Daily Volume for Maintenance Fluids | |
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| Advanced Adult Intravenous Calculations | |
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| Calculating IV Dosages and Flow Rates Using Clinical Protocols | |
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| IV Heparin Protocol | |
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| IV Insulin Protocol | |
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| Insulin Overdose | |
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| Critical Care IV Calculations: Calculating Flow Rate of an IV Medication to Be Given over a Specified Time Period | |
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| IV Medication Ordered per Minute | |
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| IV Medication Ordered per Kilogram per Minute | |
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| Titrating IV Drugs | |
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| Verifying Safe IV Medication Dosage Recommended per Minute | |
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| Limiting Infusion Volumes | |
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| Self-Evaluation | |
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| Essential Skills Evaluation: Posttest Answer Sheet | |
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| Comprehensive Skills Evaluation | |
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| Answers | |
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| Essential Skills Evaluation | |
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| Mathematics Diagnostic Evaluation | |
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| Chapter 1 | |
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| Chapter 2 | |
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| Chapter 3 | |
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| Chapter 4 | |
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| Chapter 5 | |
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| Chapter 6 | |
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| Chapter 7 | |
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| Chapter 8 | |
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| Chapter 9 | |
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| Chapter 10 | |
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| Chapter 11 | |
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| Chapter 12 | |
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| Chapter 13 | |
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| Chapter 14 | |
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| Chapter 15 | |
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| Chapter 16 | |
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| Chapter 17 | |
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| Comprehensive Skills Evaluation | |
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| Study Guide | |
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| Apothecary System | |
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| Index | |
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| Drug Label Index | |