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| New Introduction by the Author | |
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| Preface to the First Edition | |
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| Preface to the Second Edition | |
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| Figures and Tables | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The National Security Problem in International Relations | |
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| Security as an Underdeveloped Concept | |
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| Developments During the 1980s | |
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| The Approach of this Book | |
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| The Structure of this Book | |
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| Individual Security and National Security | |
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| Individual Security as a Societal Problem | |
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| Individual Security and the Two Faces of the State | |
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| The State as a Source of Threat | |
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| Conclusions: Individual Security and National Security | |
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| National Security and the Nature of the State | |
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| Identifying the State as an Object of Security | |
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| The Idea of the State | |
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| The Institutions of the State | |
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| The Physical Base of the State | |
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| Conclusions: Weak and Strong States | |
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| National Insecurity: Threats and Vulnerabilities | |
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| Threats and Vulnerabilities | |
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| Types of Threat by Sector | |
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| The Operation of Threats | |
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| Conclusions: The Ambiguity of Threats | |
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| Security and the International Political System | |
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| The Nature of the International Anarchy | |
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| The Character of States | |
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| The Uses and Limitations of System Structure in Security Analysis | |
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| International Society | |
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| Conclusions: Anarchy and Security | |
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| Regional Security | |
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| Filling the Gap Between State and System Levels: Security Complexes | |
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| A Brief History of Regional Security | |
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| Security Complexes as Structures: The Processes and Outcomes of Change | |
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| Conclusions: Security Complexes and Policy Analysis | |
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| Economic Security | |
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| The Nature of the International Political Economy | |
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| The Idea of Economic Security | |
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| Economic Security and the State | |
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| Economic Security and the International System | |
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| Conclusions: Prospects for the Political Economy of a Mature Anarchy | |
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| The Defence Dilemma | |
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| The Defence Dilemma Defined | |
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| The Historical Development of the Defence Dilemma | |
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| The Durability of the Defence Dilemma | |
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| Conclusions: The Defence Dilemma and Security | |
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| The Power-Security Dilemma | |
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| The Power and Security Struggles | |
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| Revisionism versus Status Quo | |
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| The Nature of Revisionism | |
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| The Military Factor | |
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| Conclusions: Can the Power-Security Dilemma be Resolved? | |
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| National and International Security: The Policy Problem | |
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| Logical Problems | |
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| Perceptual Problems | |
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| Political Problems | |
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| Conclusions: Policy-Making as Part of the National Security Problem | |
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| Concluding Thoughts on International Security Studies | |
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| Overview: The Agenda of Security | |
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| Reasons for Adopting, and Consequences of, a Broad Interpretation of Security | |
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| Implications for Policy | |
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| Index | |