Clinical Cardiology Made Ridiculously Simple

Name: Clinical Cardiology Made Ridiculously Simple
Price: 6.75 USD
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ISBN: 9780940780637

ISBN-10: 0940780631

ISBN-13: 9780940780637

Edition: 1st 2003

Authors: Michael A. Chizner

List price: $34.95

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Book details

List price: $34.95
Edition: 1st
Copyright year: 2003
Publisher: MedMaster, Incorporated
Binding: Paperback
Pages: 368
Size: 8.50" wide x 10.75" long x 1.00" tall
Weight: 2.618
Language: English

Chief Medical Director, The Heart Center of Excellence, Fort Lauderdale Florida; Clinical Professor of Medicine, Univ of Miami School of Medicine and University of Florida College of Medicine.

Abbreviations
Dedication	p. iii
About the author	p. iv
Foreword	p. v
Preface	p. vii
Acknowledgments	p. ix
The Five-Finger Approach to Cardiac Diagnosis
The Cardiac History	p. 1
Chest Pain or Discomfort	p. 1
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)	p. 1
Stable Angina Pectoris, Unstable Angina, and Acute Myocardial Infarction	p. 1
Pertinent Past Medical History and/or Risk Factors for CAD	p. 3
Chest Pain in Other Cardiovascular Conditions	p. 6
Pericarditis	p. 7
Aortic Dissection	p. 7
Mitral Valve Prolapse	p. 8
Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction (e.g., Valvular Aortic Stenosis, Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy)	p. 8
Pulmonary Hypertension	p. 8
Shortness of Breath	p. 9
Fatigue and Weakness	p. 12
Cough and Hemoptysis	p. 12
Palpitations	p. 13
Dizziness, Near-Syncope, and Syncope	p. 15
Other Symptoms	p. 18
Fever, Chills, and Sweats	p. 18
Gastrointestinal Symptoms	p. 18
Embolic Symptoms	p. 18
Intermittent Claudication	p. 18
Changes in Weight	p. 18
The Cardiac Physical Exam	p. 20
Cardiac Anatomy and Physiology	p. 20
External Anatomy of the Heart and Great Vessels	p. 20
Cardiac Chambers and Blood Flow through the Heart	p. 20
The Heart Valves	p. 22
Structure of the Heart Wall	p. 22
Basic Cardiac Function	p. 23
Inspection	p. 23
General Appearance	p. 23
Cutaneous Manifestations (Skin Color, Temperature, Texture)	p. 27
Voice	p. 29
Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP) and Pulse	p. 29
Estimating JVP	p. 29
Abdominojugular Test	p. 31
Abnormalities of the Venous Wave Form	p. 31
Palpation	p. 33
Blood Pressure and Arterial Pulse	p. 33
Abnormalities of Blood Pressure	p. 33
Abnormalities of Arterial Pulse	p. 36
Precordial Movements and Palpation	p. 38
Auscultation	p. 44
The Cardiac Cycle	p. 44
Use of the Stethoscope	p. 47
Dynamic Auscultation	p. 52
Heart Sounds: Normal and Abnormal	p. 57
First and Second heart sounds (S1 and S2)	p. 57
Auscultation of S1 ("Lub")	p. 57
Loud S1	p. 57
Faint S1	p. 58
Variable Intensity of S1	p. 58
Auscultation of S2 ("Dub")	p. 60
Intensity and Splitting of S2	p. 60
Sounds in Systole	p. 61
Ejection Sounds and Systolic Clicks	p. 61
Sounds in Diastole	p. 62
Third and Fourth Heart Sounds (S3 and S4)	p. 62
Other Diastolic Sounds	p. 64
Heart Murmurs: Systolic, Diastolic, and Continuous	p. 65
Systolic Murmurs--Innocent vs Significant ("Guilty")	p. 65
Early-mid Systolic (Ejection) Murmurs	p. 68
Innocent Murmurs	p. 68
Aortic Stenosis	p. 68
Pulmonic Stenosis	p. 68
Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy	p. 70
Atrial Septal Defect	p. 70
Holosystolic Murmurs	p. 71
Mitral Regurgitation	p. 71
Tricuspid Regurgitation	p. 72
Ventricular Septal Defect	p. 72
Late Systolic Murmurs	p. 73
Mitral Valve Prolapse	p. 73
Diastolic Murmurs	p. 73
Early Diastolic Murmurs	p. 73
Aortic Regurgitation	p. 73
Pulmonic Regurgitation	p. 75
Middiastolic and Presystolic Murmurs	p. 75
Mitral Stenosis	p. 75
Tricuspid Stenosis	p. 76
Continuous Murmurs	p. 76
Patent Ductus Arteriosus	p. 77
Jugular Venous Hum	p. 76
Coronary Arteriovenous Fistula	p. 76
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Fistula	p. 76
Ruptured Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm	p. 77
Miscellaneous	p. 78
Pericardial Friction Rubs	p. 78
Electrocardiogram	p. 79
Basic Electrocardiography	p. 79
Cardiac Electrical Activity and the Electrocardiogram (ECG)	p. 79
Standard ECG Leads	p. 79
Approach to ECG Interpretation	p. 80
Rate and Rhythm	p. 84
The P Wave	p. 86
The QRS	p. 86
The T Wave	p. 88
The U Wave	p. 88
The PR Interval	p. 89
The ST Segment	p. 89
The QT Interval	p. 91
QRS Axis	p. 91
Major ECG Abnormalities: Diagnostic Clues and Clinical Correlations	p. 92
Myocardial Ischemia and Infarction	p. 92
Cardiac Chamber Enlargement and Hypertrophy	p. 100
Miscellaneous Patterns	p. 104
Arrhythmias and Conduction Disturbances	p. 105
Chest X-Ray	p. 120
The Cardiovascular Silhouette, Cardiac Chambers and the Aorta	p. 120
The Pulmonary Vasculature	p. 124
The Lung Fields	p. 126
Thoracic Cage Abnormalities	p. 126
Cardiac Diagnostic Laboratory Tests	p. 128
Blood Tests	p. 128
Routine Chemistries	p. 128
Cardiac Enzymes	p. 130
Specialized Non-invasive Tests	p. 131
Transthoracic M-Mode and Two Dimensional Color-Flow Doppler Echocardiograpy	p. 131
Transesophageal Echocardiography	p. 134
Ambulatory Electrocardiography; Holter Monitoring and Transtelephonic ECG/Event Recording	p. 136
Signal Averaged Electrocardiography	p. 137
Tilt-Table Testing	p. 138
Exercise and Pharmacologic Stress Testing, including Nuclear and Echocardiographic Imaging	p. 139
Radionuclide Studies	p. 144
Electron Beam Computed Tomography	p. 145
Specialized Invasive Techniques	p. 146
Cardiac Catheterization: Coronary Angiography and Left Ventriculography	p. 146
Electrophysiologic Studies (EPS)	p. 152
Summary: Non-invasive and Invasive Test Indications and Applications	p. 153
Cardiovascular Therapy
General Considerations in Cardiovascular Therapy	p. 157
Cardiac Drugs	p. 161
Beta blockers	p. 161
Calcium Channel Blockers	p. 163
Nitrates	p. 164
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors	p. 165
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs)	p. 167
Inotropic Agents	p. 167
Digitalis Glycosides	p. 167
Sympathomimetic Amines	p. 168
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors	p. 168
Diuretics	p. 169
Thiazides	p. 169
Loop Diuretics	p. 169
Potassium Sparing Diuretics	p. 169
Antiplatelet Agents	p. 170
Aspirin	p. 170
Thienopyridines	p. 171
Glycoprotein II b/III a Receptor Inhibitors	p. 171
Thrombolytics and Anticoagulants	p. 172
Thrombolytic Agents	p. 172
Unfractionated and Low Molecular Weight Heparin	p. 173
Warfarin (Coumadin)	p. 174
Lipid Controlling Agents	p. 175
HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins)	p. 175
Nicotinic Acid (Niacin)	p. 176
Bile Acid Sequestrants (Resins)	p. 177
Fibric Acid Derivatives (Fibrates)	p. 177
Other Agents (e.g., Ezetimibe)	p. 177
Antiarrhythmic Agents	p. 177
Class I Agents	p. 179
Class II Agents	p. 181
Class III Agents	p. 181
Class IV Agents	p. 182
Other Agents (e.g., Digitalis, Adenosine)	p. 182
Cardiac Nonpharmacologic and Interventional Techniques	p. 184
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI): Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) and Stenting	p. 184
Transluminal Balloon Valvuloplasty	p. 186
Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation	p. 187
Electrical Cardioversion and Defibrillation	p. 188
Cardiac Device Therapy	p. 190
Cardiac Pacemakers	p. 190
Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator	p. 192
Cardiac Surgery	p. 195
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting	p. 195
Valvular Repair and/or Replacement	p. 195
Cardiac Transplantation	p. 197
Putting It All Together
Approach to the Patient with Coronary Artery Disease	p. 199
Angina Pectoris	p. 202
Clinical Recognition of Stable Angina Pectoris	p. 202
Clinical Recognition of Unstable Angina	p. 205
Management of Stable Angina Pectoris	p. 206
Management of Unstable Angina	p. 207
Acute Myocardial Infarction (MI)	p. 209
Clinical Recognition of Acute MI	p. 210
Management of Acute MI	p. 217
Complications of Acute MI	p. 225
Electrical Complications of Acute MI	p. 225
Ventricular Arrhythmias	p. 226
Supraventricular Arrhythmias	p. 226
Bradyarrhythmias and Conduction Disturbances	p. 226
Mechanical Complications of Acute MI	p. 228
Left Ventricular (LV) Systolic Dysfunction	p. 228
Acute Ventricular Septal Defect and Papillary Muscle Rupture	p. 229
Right Ventricular Infarction	p. 230
Left Ventricular Aneurysm	p. 231
LV Free Wall Rupture and Pseudoaneurysm	p. 232
Pericarditis	p. 232
Secondary Prevention: Pharmacologic Therapy, Risk Factor Modification and Cardiac Rehabilitation	p. 233
Approach to the Patient with Heart Failure	p. 235
Etiology and Pathophysiology	p. 235
Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction	p. 235
Dilated Cardiomyopathy	p. 239
Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction	p. 243
Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure	p. 245
Treatment of Acute Pulmonary Edema	p. 247
Approach to the Patient with Systemic Arterial Hyertension	p. 249
Primary and Secondary Forms of Hypertension	p. 249
Clinical Manifestations of Hypertension	p. 249
Therapy of Hypertension	p. 252
Approach to the Patient with Dyslipidemia	p. 259
Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis	p. 259
Therapeutic Considerations	p. 259
Approach to the Patient with Valvular Heart Disease	p. 262
Aortic Stenosis (AS)	p. 262
Clinical Recognition of AS	p. 262
Management of AS	p. 266
Aortic Regurgitation (AR)	p. 268
Chronic AR	p. 268
Clinical Recognition of Chronic AR	p. 268
Acute AR	p. 269
Clinical Recognition of Acute AR	p. 269
Management of Chronic and Acute AR	p. 269
Mitral Regurgitation (MR)	p. 271
Chronic MR	p. 271
Clinical Recognition of Chronic MR	p. 271
Management of Chronic MR	p. 272
Acute MR	p. 274
Clinical Recognition and Management of Acute MR	p. 274
Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP)	p. 274
Clinical Recognition of MVP	p. 274
Management of MVP	p. 275
Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis (MS)	p. 275
Clinical Recognition of Rheumatic MS	p. 275
Management of Rheumatic MS	p. 279
Tricuspid Regurgitation (TR)	p. 280
Clinical Recognition of TR	p. 280
Management of TR	p. 280
Approach to the Patient with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy	p. 281
Clinical Recognition of Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (HOCM)	p. 281
Treatment Options for HOCM	p. 283
Risk of Sudden Death	p. 284
Approach to the Patient with Infective Endocarditis	p. 285
Etiology and Risk Factors	p. 285
Clinical Presentation of Infective Endocarditis	p. 285
Therapy of Infective Endocarditis	p. 287
Approach to the Patient with Aortic Dissection	p. 291
Classification and Pathogenesis	p. 291
Clinical Manifestations of Aortic Dissection	p. 292
Medical and Surgical Considerations in Aortic Dissection	p. 293
Approach to the Patient with Pericardial Disease	p. 294
Acute Pericarditis	p. 294
Cardiac Tamponade	p. 295
Constrictive Pericarditis	p. 297
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Hypertension	p. 300
Pathophysiologic Mechanisms	p. 300
Clinical Recognition of Primary Pulmonary Hypertension	p. 300
Management of Primary Pulmonary Hypertension	p. 301
Approach to the Patient with a Heart Murmur	p. 303
When to Order a Doppler-Echo	p. 303
Approach to the Patient with Cardiac Arrhythmias and Conduction Disturbances	p. 308
General Considerations	p. 308
Atrial Fibrillation	p. 311
Supraventricular Tachycardias	p. 315
Ventricular Tachycardia	p. 316
Bradyarrhythmias and Conduction Abnormalities	p. 318
Approach to the Patient with Adult Congenital Heart Disease	p. 319
Bicuspid Aortic Valve	p. 319
Pulmonic Valve Stenosis	p. 319
Atrial Septal Defect	p. 321
Ventricular Septal Defect	p. 321
Coarctation of the Aorta	p. 322
Patent Ductus Arteriosus	p. 324
Marfan's Syndrome	p. 324
Approach to the Patient with Heart Disease Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery	p. 325
Preoperative Assessment of Risk	p. 325
Clinical Predictors of Risk	p. 325
Surgery Specific Markers of Risk	p. 326
Perioperative Evaluation and Management	p. 327
Approach to the Patient with Neoplastic Heart Disease	p. 328
Primary Tumors of the Heart	p. 328
Atrial Myxoma	p. 328
Angiosarcoma	p. 329
Secondary Tumors of the Heart and the Effects of Treatment	p. 329
Carcinoid Syndrome	p. 329
Approach to the Patient with "False" Heart Disease	p. 331
Pitfalls in the Clinical Recognition and Management of Heart Disease	p. 331
Misleading Clues in the Clinical Cardiovascular Evaluation	p. 331
Misinterpretation of Symptoms and Signs	p. 331
Misinterpretation of ECG, CXR, and Diagnostic Laboratory Data	p. 332
The Athlete's Heart	p. 335
Iatrogenic Heart Disease	p. 337
Approach to the Patient with an Acute Cardiac Emergency	p. 338
General Considerations	p. 338
Universal Approach to Adult Emergency Cardiac Care	p. 339
Ventricular Fibrillation/Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia	p. 340
Pulseless Electrical Activity	p. 340
Asystole	p. 341
Bradycardia	p. 341
Tachycardia	p. 342
Shock	p. 343
Selected Reading	p. 344
Index	p. 347
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