Preface | p. xi |
HEMTs and HBTs: Introduction and Overview | p. 1 |
Introduction | p. 1 |
High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs) | p. 3 |
Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors (HBTs) | p. 5 |
Summary | p. 8 |
HEMT Device Physics and Models | p. 11 |
Introduction | p. 11 |
Carrier Transport in the HEMT Structure | p. 13 |
Band Diagram and 2-DEG in AlGaAs/GaAs Systems | p. 14 |
2-DEG Carrier Mobility and Saturation Velocity | p. 18 |
2-DEG Charge-Control by Schottky Barrier Gate | p. 22 |
Ohmic Contacts and Series Resistances | p. 26 |
The Charge-Control Model | p. 29 |
dc and Small-Signal Characteristics | p. 29 |
Temperature Stability of Device Operation | p. 36 |
Low-Frequency (LF) Equivalent Network Model | p. 39 |
The Unity-Current-Gain Frequency | p. 44 |
Low-Frequency 1/f and g-r Noise Sources | p. 47 |
High-Frequency (HF) Limitations | p. 51 |
HF Equivalent Network for the Intrinsic HEMT | p. 52 |
Determination of Equivalent Network Parameters | p. 57 |
Power Gain and Stability | p. 61 |
HF Noise Sources and Performance of HEMTs | p. 63 |
HEMT Devices and Circuit Applications | p. 77 |
Introduction | p. 77 |
GaAs-Based Conventional HEMT | p. 77 |
Material Considerations | p. 79 |
Device Fabrication | p. 84 |
dc and RF Performance | p. 91 |
Outlook | p. 99 |
GaAs-Based Pseudomorphic HEMT | p. 103 |
Material Structure | p. 103 |
Applications of Pseudomorphic HEMTs | p. 111 |
InP-Based Pseudomorphic HEMT | p. 123 |
Introduction | p. 123 |
Material Properties and Growth | p. 124 |
Device Fabrication and Performance | p. 134 |
Circuit Performance | p. 143 |
HEMT Analog Circuit Applications | p. 148 |
Introduction | p. 148 |
HEMT Low-Noise Amplifiers | p. 148 |
HEMT Wideband Amplifiers | p. 150 |
HEMT Power Amplifiers | p. 159 |
HEMT Control Circuits | p. 163 |
HEMT Mixers and Converters | p. 168 |
HEMT Oscillators | p. 174 |
HEMT Frequency Doublers | p. 175 |
Device Testing | p. 177 |
Conclusion | p. 182 |
HEMT Reliability | p. 184 |
Reliability Testing of Low-Noise HEMTs | p. 184 |
Reliability of Low-Noise HEMTs | p. 186 |
Summary | p. 188 |
HBT Device Physics and Models | p. 191 |
Introduction | p. 191 |
Carrier Transport in HBT Structures | p. 195 |
Band Diagram and Current Transport | p. 196 |
Recombination Processes | p. 200 |
Drift, Diffusion, and Saturation Velocity | p. 202 |
Ohmic Contacts and Series Resistances | p. 204 |
The Charge-Control Model | p. 206 |
dc and Small-Signal Characteristics | p. 207 |
LF Equivalent Network Model and Unity Current Gain Frequency | p. 212 |
The Switching Limitations | p. 215 |
Low-Frequency 1/f Noise and g-r Noise Sources | p. 219 |
High Frequency Limitations | p. 224 |
HF Two-port Parameters and Equivalent Network Model | p. 224 |
Determination of the Equivalent Network Parameters | p. 228 |
Power Gain and Stability | p. 234 |
HF Noise Sources and Noise Figures | p. 236 |
Power Density Limitations of HBTs | p. 241 |
Comparison of HBTs and HEMTs | p. 246 |
HBT Devices and Circuit Applications | p. 253 |
Introduction | p. 253 |
Comparison with GaAs MESFET and HEMT | p. 257 |
Comparison with Advanced Silicon Bipolar Transistor | p. 258 |
Device Structure | p. 260 |
Epitaxial Layer Growth | p. 266 |
Emitter-up versus Collector-up | p. 269 |
HBT Fabrication Technology | p. 270 |
Self-Aligned Contacts | p. 274 |
Planar Structures | p. 276 |
Representative HBT IC Process | p. 278 |
Technology Characterization | p. 281 |
HBT dc Characteristics | p. 282 |
HBT High-Frequency Characteristics | p. 286 |
Intrinsic HBT Linearity | p. 287 |
Intrinsic HBT Nonlinearity | p. 287 |
HBT Noise Performance | p. 290 |
Schottky Diode Characteristics | p. 291 |
Thin-Film Resistors | p. 291 |
Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) Capacitors | p. 292 |
HBT Device Modeling and Simulation | p. 292 |
Technology Qualification | p. 292 |
Power HBT Design Considerations | p. 301 |
Collector Design | p. 301 |
Device Impedance | p. 302 |
Size Considerations | p. 304 |
Thermal Considerations | p. 307 |
HBT Scaling | p. 311 |
HBT Monolithic Amplifiers | p. 316 |
HBT Complementary Amplifiers | p. 318 |
Circuit Applications | p. 322 |
Analog and Microwave Applications | p. 328 |
Microwave Oscillators | p. 333 |
Digital Applications | p. 341 |
Analog-to-Digital Conversion Applications | p. 345 |
Monolithically Combined Microwave-Digital Applications | p. 352 |
InP-Based HBT | p. 354 |
Reliability | p. 361 |
Index | p. 371 |
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