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| Foreword | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Denise of Reconstruction and the Making of White Supremacy, 1895—1900 | |
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| Why Radical Reconstruction Started and Why It Faltered | |
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| The Redeemer Governments and Blacks | |
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| The 1890s: The Triumph of Racism | |
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| The Abandonment of Blacks by the North | |
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| Blacks React to a Revolution Gone Backwards | |
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| Tough-Minded Progressives and Race | |
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| The Shape and Promise of Progressivism | |
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| Scientific Racism and the Progressive Mind | |
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| Progressive Activists and the Race Problem | |
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| Literacy and Popular Culture and Race | |
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| African Americans and Southern Progressivism | |
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| What Racism Wrought: The Social and Economic Conditions of Blacks | |
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| Southern Progressivism and Race | |
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| The New Black Threat | |
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| The Completion of Disfranchisement | |
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| The Rise of Jim Crow Laws | |
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| Black Education in the South | |
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| The Southern Justice System | |
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| National Politics and Race, 1900—1917: The Great Betrayal | |
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| The Republican Party and the Race Question | |
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| The Watershed Election of 1912: The Democratic Triumph | |
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| The Supreme Court and Jim Crow | |
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| Black-White Relations in the North: Slouching toward the Nadir | |
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| The Washington—Du Bois Feud, the “New Negro,” and the Rise of the NAACP | |
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| Booker T. Washington and the Strategy of Compromise and Gradualism | |
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| W. E. B. Du Bois and the Strategy of Protest | |
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| The Niagara Movement and the Revolt against Washington | |
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| The Rise of the NAACP | |
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| Other Voices and Other Paths to Racial Uplift | |
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| Epilogue: World War I and Beyond | |
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| Bibliographical Essay | |
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| Index | |