| |
| |
| Preface | |
| |
| |
| Frequently Used Markers | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Basics of Doing a Cross | |
| |
| |
| Fly Chromosomes | |
| |
| |
| Recognizing Markers | |
| |
| |
| Nomenclature | |
| |
| |
| Evolution of Gene Names | |
| |
| |
| What Makes Flies So Great? Balancer Chromosomes | |
| |
| |
| Deciphering Mating Schemes | |
| |
| |
| Basic Fly Husbandry | |
| |
| |
| Coddling Difficult Strains | |
| |
| |
| Collecting Flies for Crosses | |
| |
| |
| |
| Isolating New Variants | |
| |
| |
| Principles | |
| |
| |
| Mutagens | |
| |
| |
| Ethylmethanesulfonate | |
| |
| |
| Ethylnitrosourea | |
| |
| |
| Radiation | |
| |
| |
| Insertional Mutagenesis | |
| |
| |
| Genetic Schemes for Detecting Mutants | |
| |
| |
| New Alleles at an Autosomal Locus | |
| |
| |
| New Alleles on the X | |
| |
| |
| Identifying New Genes by Mutagenesis | |
| |
| |
| Isogenizing the Starter Stock | |
| |
| |
| The Mutagenesis Screen | |
| |
| |
| Screening the X for New Genes | |
| |
| |
| Insertional Mutagenesis and Enhancer Trapping | |
| |
| |
| Enhancer-trap Screens | |
| |
| |
| New Insertional Alleles of Known Loci | |
| |
| |
| Mutating Genes for Which There Are No Allelic Differences | |
| |
| |
| Screening Over a Deletion of the Locus | |
| |
| |
| Targeted Insertional Mutagenesis | |
| |
| |
| Homologous Recombination | |
| |
| |
| RNA Interference | |
| |
| |
| Searching for Gain of Function | |
| |
| |
| Generating Mutants: One Size Does Not Fit All | |
| |
| |
| |
| Mapping | |
| |
| |
| Segregation Analysis | |
| |
| |
| Problems with Balancers | |
| |
| |
| Meiotic Mapping | |
| |
| |
| Deletion Mapping | |
| |
| |
| Duplication Mapping | |
| |
| |
| Synthesizing Deletions and Duplications | |
| |
| |
| Identifying New Embryonic Genes by Deletion Mapping | |
| |
| |
| Mapping P-Element Insertion Sites | |
| |
| |
| Fine-Grain Traditional Meiotic Mapping with P-Element Markers | |
| |
| |
| Mapping by P-Element-Induced Male Recombination | |
| |
| |
| Fine-Grain Mapping by Transposon-Induced Deletions | |
| |
| |
| Mapping by DNA Polymorphisms | |
| |
| |
| |
| Synthesizing Specific Genotypes | |
| |
| |
| Principles | |
| |
| |
| Simple Manipulations of a Single Chromosome | |
| |
| |
| Linking Mutations | |
| |
| |
| Manipulating Two Chromosomes | |
| |
| |
| Pitfalls | |
| |
| |
| How Many Flies? | |
| |
| |
| Which Sex? | |
| |
| |
| Manipulating Three Chromosomes | |
| |
| |
| Making Rearrangements | |
| |
| |
| Inducing Deletions | |
| |
| |
| Synthesizing Stable Deletions from T(Y;A)s | |
| |
| |
| Synthesizing Deletions from P-element Insertions | |
| |
| |
| Inducing Duplications | |
| |
| |
| Synthesizing Stable Duplications from T(Y;A)s | |
| |
| |
| Synthesizing Attached-Xs | |
| |
| |
| Autosynaptic Chromosomes and the Joys of Gibberish | |
| |
| |
| |
| Analysis of Mutations: I. Characteristics of the Allele | |
| |
| |
| Formal Classification of Mutations | |
| |
| |
| Principles | |
| |
| |
| Null Alleles (Amorphs) | |
| |
| |
| Hypomorphs | |
| |
| |
| Hypermorphs | |
| |
| |
| Neomorphs | |
| |
| |
| Antimorphs | |
| |
| |
| Gain Versus Loss of Function | |
| |
| |
| Intragenic Interactions | |
| |
| |
| Interacting Loci | |
| |
| |
| Ordering Genes in a Pathway | |
| |
| |
| Dosage-dependent Interactions | |
| |
| |
| Conditional Alleles | |
| |
| |
| Inducible Promoters | |
| |
| |
| Maintenance of Mutant Phenotypes | |
| |
| |
| Genetic Background | |
| |
| |
| |
| Analysis of Mutations: II. Mosaics | |
| |
| |
| Principles | |
| |
| |
| Chromosome Loss | |
| |
| |
| Uses of Chromosome Loss Mosaics | |
| |
| |
| Fate Mapping | |
| |
| |
| Focus of Gene Action | |
| |
| |
| Methods for Inducing Chromosome Loss | |
| |
| |
| Ring Loss | |
| |
| |
| Chromosome Loss Mosaics for Autosomal Genes | |
| |
| |
| paternal-loss (pal) | |
| |
| |
| claret-non-disjunctional (cand) | |
| |
| |
| Care of Mosaic-producing Stocks | |
| |
| |
| Mitotic Recombination | |
| |
| |
| Synchronizing Age of Cultures | |
| |
| |
| Uses of Mitotic Recombination Mosaics | |
| |
| |
| Lineage Analysis | |
| |
| |
| Focus of Gene Action | |
| |
| |
| Time of Gene Action | |
| |
| |
| Methods for Producing Mitotic Recombinant Clones | |
| |
| |
| Markers for Internal Tissues | |
| |
| |
| GAL4 and Expression Mosaicism | |
| |
| |
| Cell Ablations | |
| |
| |
| GAL4 Targeted FLP/FRT Recombination | |
| |
| |
| Isolating Tissue-targeted Mutations Using Mitotic Recombination | |
| |
| |
| P-element Replacement for Exploitation of Existing Enhancer Traps | |
| |
| |
| |
| Commencement | |
| |
| |
| Solutions to Problems | |
| |
| |
| Glossary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fly Resources | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Index | |