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| Preface | |
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| Acronyms and Abbreviations | |
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| Genetic Variation | |
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| Genetic and Molecular Essentials | |
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| Genotype and Phenotype | |
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| Gene Expression | |
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| DNA Cleavage, Manipulation, and Amplification | |
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| Types of Polymorphisms | |
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| DNA Polymorphisms | |
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| Uses of DNA Polymorphisms | |
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| Protein Polymorphisms | |
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| Gene and Genotype Frequencies | |
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| Organization of Genetic Variation | |
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| Populations | |
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| Models | |
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| Random Mating | |
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| The Hardy-Weinberg Principle | |
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| Implications of Random Mating | |
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| Chi-square Test for HWE | |
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| Recessive Alleles Hidden in Heterozygotes | |
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| Multiple Alleles and X-Linked Genes | |
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| Multiple Loci: Linkage and Linkage Disequilibrium | |
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| Inbreeding | |
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| Genotype Frequencies with Inbreeding | |
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| The Inbreeding Coefficient | |
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| Inbeeding Depression | |
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| Calculation of the Inbreeding Coefficient from Pedigrees | |
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| Regular Systems of Mating | |
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| Further Readings | |
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| Problems | |
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| The Causes of Evolution | |
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| Mutation | |
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| Forward Mutation | |
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| Reversible Mutation | |
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| Remote Inbreeding in a Finite Population | |
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| Equilibrium Heterozygosity with Mutation | |
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| Migration | |
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| The Island Model of Migration | |
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| How Migration Limits Genetic Divergence | |
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| Wahlund's Principle | |
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| Hierarchical Population Structure | |
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| Natural Selection | |
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| Haploid Selection | |
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| Diploid Selection | |
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| Time Required for Changes in Gene Frequency | |
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| Overdominance and Underdominance | |
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| Mutation-Selection Balance | |
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| More Complex Modes of Selection | |
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| Random Genetic Drift | |
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| Diffusion Approximations | |
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| Probability of Fixation and Time to Fixation | |
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| Effective Population Number | |
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| Further Readings | |
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| Problems | |
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| Molecular Population Genetics | |
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| Molecular Polymorphisms | |
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| The Information Content of Molecular Sequences | |
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| The Coalescent | |
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| Nucleotide Polymorphism | |
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| Nucleotide Diversity | |
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| Tajima's D Statistic | |
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| Patterns of Change in Nucleotide and Amino Acid Sequences | |
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| Synonymous and Nonsynonymous Substitutions | |
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| Codon Usage Bias | |
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| Selection for Optimal Codons and Amino Acids | |
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| Selective Sweeps versus Background Selection | |
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| Polymorphism and Divergence | |
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| The Hudson-Kreitman-Aguade (HKA) Test | |
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| The McDonald-Kreitman Test | |
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| Polymorphism and Divergence in a Poisson Random Field | |
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| Convergence to Adaptation | |
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| Molecular Phylogenetics | |
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| The Multiple-Hit Problem | |
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| Phylogenetic Inference | |
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| Molecular Clocks | |
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| Transposable Elements | |
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| Insertion Sequences and Transposons in Bacteria | |
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| Transposable Elements in Eukaryotes | |
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| Further Readings | |
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| Problems | |
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| The Genetic Architecture of Complex Traits | |
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| Types of Complex Traits | |
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| Phenotypic Variation | |
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| Genetics and Environment | |
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| Genotypic Variance and Environmental Variance | |
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| Broad-Sense Heritability | |
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| Genotype-Environment and Other Interactions | |
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| Genetic Effects on Complex Traits | |
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| Components of Genotypic Variation | |
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| Artificial Selection | |
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| Prediction Equation for Individual Selection | |
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| Genetic Basis of Complex Traits | |
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| Change in Allele Frequency | |
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| Change in Mean Phenotype | |
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| Correlation between Relatives | |
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| Parent-Offspring Correlation | |
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| Heritability Estimates from Resemblance between Relatives | |
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| Offspring-on-Parent Regression | |
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| Quantitative Genetics of Natural Populations | |
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| Directional Selection with Mutation-Selection-Drift | |
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| Stabilizing Selection with Mutation-Selection-Drift | |
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| Antagonistic Pleiotropy | |
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| Complex Traits with Discrete Expression | |
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| Threshold Traits: Genes as Risk Factors | |
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| Heritability of Liability | |
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| Applications to Human Disease | |
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| Linkage Analysis and Lod Scores | |
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| Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) | |
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| Number of Genes | |
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| QTL Mapping | |
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| Candidate Genes | |
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| Further Readings | |
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| Problems | |
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| Literature Cited | |
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| Index | |