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| Preface to the second edition | |
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| General introduction: Language and interlanguage | |
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| Language, lects, and linguistics | |
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| Comparing and contrasting languages | |
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| Interlanguage and sources of problems | |
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| The limits of linguistics in language teaching | |
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| Phonology | |
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| Introduction to phonology | |
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| Phonology vs. orthography | |
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| Review of phonetics | |
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| Phonemes, allophones, and rules | |
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| Phonemes and examples | |
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| Phonemes | |
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| Comparing systems | |
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| Consonants | |
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| Vowels and diphthongs | |
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| The combining of phonemes into syllables and words | |
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| Phonemic vs. orthographic representation | |
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| Notes for chapter 2 | |
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| Exercises for chapter 2 | |
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| Phonological rules | |
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| Types of rules: Categorical and variable, general and dialectal | |
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| Spanish rules | |
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| English rules | |
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| Order of difficulty: Ranking phonological problems | |
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| Notes for chapter 3 | |
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| Exercises for chapter 3 | |
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| Stress and intonation | |
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| Suprasegmentals | |
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| Stress | |
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| Intonation | |
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| Notes for chapter 4 | |
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| Exercises for chapter 4 | |
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| Grammar | |
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| Basic notions of grammatical description | |
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| The grammar of language | |
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| Morphology: Morphemes, allomorphs, and rules | |
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| Syntax: Word order, constituency, and function | |
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| Grammaticality | |
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| Verb morphology | |
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| Verb forms and their nomenclature | |
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| Spanish finite verb forms | |
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| English finite verb forms and modals | |
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| Nonfinites and compound forms | |
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| Verb + verb and auxiliaries | |
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| Notes for chapter 6 | |
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| Exercises for chapter 6 | |
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| Tense and mood | |
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| Approaches to tense and mood | |
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| The tense system of Spanish and English | |
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| The contributions of auxiliaries | |
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| Mood: Indicative vs. subjunctive | |
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| Notes for chapter 7 | |
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| Exercises for chapter 7 | |
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| Noun phrase syntax and morphology | |
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| Nouns and noun phrases | |
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| Functions of noun phrases with verbs | |
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| Noun morphology | |
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| Modifiers in the noun phrase | |
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| NP without N | |
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| Notes for chapter 8 | |
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| Exercises for chapter 8 | |
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| Pronouns | |
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| Pronouns as proforms | |
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| Nonreflexive pronouns | |
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| Variation in the pronoun system | |
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| Reflexives | |
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| The syntax of pronouns | |
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| Notes for chapter 9 | |
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| Exercises for chapter 9 | |
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| Adverbs, prepositions, and conjunctions | |
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| The uninflected words | |
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| Lexical relationships | |
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| Analysis and classification | |
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| Semantic problems | |
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| Lexically or grammatically fixed usage | |
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| More on the verb connection: Particles and direction/manner | |
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| Notes for chapter 10 | |
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| Exercises for chapter 10 | |
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| Word order and constituency | |
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| Rules of syntax | |
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| Phrase structure rules | |
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| From deep to surface structure | |
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| The meaning of Spanish word order | |
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| Notes for chapter 11 | |
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| Exercises for chapter 11 | |
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| Questions, negations, passives, and commands | |
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| Simple affirmative active declarative sentences | |
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| Questions | |
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| Negating and disagreeing | |
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| Passive and related structures | |
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| Commands | |
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| Notes for chapter 12 | |
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| Exercises for chapter 12 | |
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| Complex sentences | |
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| Compound vs. complex sentences | |
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| Noun clauses | |
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| Adverbial clauses | |
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| Relative clauses | |
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| Comparative sentences | |
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| Complex sentences: General summary | |
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| Notes for chapter 13 | |
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| Exercises for chapter 13 | |
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| Beyond grammar | |
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| Introduction to the study of words and usage | |
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| What it means to know a word | |
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| An example: The meaning of compadre | |
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| The ranges of usage and meaning | |
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| Words and their meanings | |
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| The lexicon | |
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| Derivational morphology | |
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| Cognates: True friends, or false? | |
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| Dialect differences in vocabulary | |
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| Different lexicons, different meanings | |
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| Idioms | |
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| Notes for chapter 15 | |
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| Exercises for chapter 15 | |
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| Language knowledge and language use | |
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| Linguistic and communicative competence | |
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| The pragmatics of the speaker-hearer relation | |
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| Proverbs and other cultural allusions | |
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| Communicative functions in discourse | |
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| Aptitude and attitude in language learning and use | |
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| Notes for chapter 16 | |
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| Exercises for chapter 16 | |
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| English/Spanish glossary of linguistic terminology | |
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| Phonological index | |
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| References | |
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| General index | |