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Introduction | |
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Introduction | |
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Phonological description | |
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Contrastive analysis and foreign language acquisition | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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The Sounds of Portuguese | |
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Introduction | |
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Vowels | |
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Vowel reduction | |
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The lower mid vowels | |
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Other vowels | |
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Diphthongs and triphthongs | |
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Nasalization | |
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Consonants | |
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Phonetic realization of consonants | |
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Syllable types | |
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The Sounds of English | |
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Introduction | |
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Syllabic nuclei | |
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Vowel reduction | |
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Consonants | |
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Phonetic realization of consonants | |
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Syllable types | |
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Comparison of Phonological Units | |
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Introduction | |
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Portuguese vowels vs. English vowels | |
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Portuguese vowels and falling diphthongs vs. English syllable nuclei | |
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Portuguese /i/ vs. English /i/ and /t/ | |
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Portuguese /e/, /ei/ vs. English /e/ | |
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Portuguese /e/, /[varepsilon]/ vs. English /[varepsilon]/, /ae/ | |
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Portuguese /a/ vs. English /a/, /[Lambda]/ | |
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Portuguese /ai/, /au/ vs. English /ay/, /aw/ | |
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Portuguese /[characters not reproducible]s. English /[characters not reproducible] | |
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Portuguese /o/, /ou/ vs. English /o/ | |
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Portuguese /[characters not reproducible]/oi/ vs. English /[characters not reproducible] Portuguese /[characters not reproducible]/ei/ vs. English /e/ | |
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Portuguese /u/ vs. English /u/, /[characters not reproducible] | |
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Portuguese diphthongs without counterparts in English | |
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Portuguese diphthongs formed by vowel + /l/ | |
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Portuguese rising diphthongs and triphthongs vs. English consonant + vowel or diphthong | |
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Unstressed vowels | |
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Portuguese nasal vowels and diphthongs vs. English vowel + nasal consonant | |
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Portuguese consonants vs. English consonants | |
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Comparison of consonantal phonemes | |
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Comparison of Phonological Sequences | |
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Introduction | |
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Transition phenomena | |
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vowel sequences | |
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Consonant sequences | |
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Consonant + vowel sequences | |
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/n/ + vowel | |
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/r/ + vowel | |
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/l/ + vowel | |
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/s/ + vowel | |
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Postnuclear sequences | |
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Prosody | |
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Introduction | |
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Stress | |
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Pitch and sentence stress | |
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Intonation patterns | |
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Statement patterns: Ptg. (1) 2 1 [down arrow], (1) 2+ 1 [down arrow]; Eng. (2) 3 1 [down arrow] | |
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Yes/no questions: Ptg. (1) 2 2+ [up arrow], Eng. (1) 2 3 [up arrow] | |
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Questions with interrogative words: Ptg. (1) 2 1 [down arrow]; Eng. 2 3 1 [down arrow] | |
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Greetings: Ptg. 2 1 [down arrow], 2 2 [down arrow], 1 2 1 [down arrow], 2 3 1 [down arrow]; Eng. 2 3 1 [down arrow], 2 3 1 [up arrow] | |
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Contrastive statements: Ptg. (1) 2 3 1 [down arrow]; Eng. (1) 2 4 1 [down arrow] | |
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Sequences: Ptg. (1) 2 [rgiht arrow] 2 [right arrow] 1 [down arrow], (1) 2 [up arrow], 2 [up arrow], 1 [down arrow]; Eng. (2) 3 [right arrow] 3 [right arrow] 3 1 [down arrow]; 2 [up arrow] 2 [up arrow] 3 1 [down arrow] | |
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References | |