| |
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| Preface | |
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| About the Authors | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Introduction to Occupational Safety and Health | |
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| Chapter Objectives | |
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| Case Study | |
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| Occupational Safety and Health | |
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| Importance of Occupational Safety and Health | |
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| Early Historical Examination of Occupational Safety and Health | |
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| Ancient Greek and Roman Physicians | |
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| The European Renaissance and the Industrial Revolution | |
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| Terms and Concepts in the Safety Profession | |
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| Job Titles of Individuals Performing Occupational Safety and Health Activities | |
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| The Safety and Health Professional's Role and Responsibility | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Questions | |
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| References | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Safety Legislation | |
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| Chapter Objectives | |
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| Case Study | |
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| Legislative History | |
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| Occupational Safety and Health Act | |
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| Who Is Covered? | |
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| OSHA Standards | |
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| Origin of OSHA Standards | |
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| Horizontal and Vertical Standards | |
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| Finding the OSHA Act | |
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| Specific Requirements of the Act | |
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| Employer Responsibilities and Rights | |
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| Inspections | |
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| Inspection Process | |
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| Citations and Penalties | |
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| Appeals Process | |
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| OSHA-Approved State Programs | |
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| Standards Development | |
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| Other Considerations | |
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| NIOSH and OSHRC | |
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| Future Trends | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Questions | |
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| References | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Workers' Compensation and Recordkeeping | |
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| Chapter Objectives | |
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| Case Study | |
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| Early Workers' Compensation Laws | |
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| Modern Workers' Compensation Laws | |
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| Exemptions | |
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| Premium Calculation | |
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| Experienced Modification | |
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| Retrospective Rating | |
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| Self-Insured | |
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| Recordkeeping | |
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| Case Study | |
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| Background | |
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| Who Must Keep Records | |
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| Forms | |
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| OSHA 300, 300A, and 301 Forms | |
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| Recordable Occupational Injuries and Illnesses | |
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| First Aid Cases | |
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| Fatalities | |
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| Privacy Concern Cases | |
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| Posting Annual Summary Requirements | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Questions | |
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| References | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Safety-Related Business Laws | |
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| Chapter Objectives | |
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| Case Study | |
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| Important Terminology | |
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| Role of the Safety Professional | |
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| Product Liability | |
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| Product Safety Act | |
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| Theories of Product Liability | |
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| Lawsuits | |
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| Contracts | |
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| Insurance | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Questions | |
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| References | |
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| Accident Causation and Investigation: Theory and Application | |
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| Chapter Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Concepts of Risk, Incidents, and Accidents | |
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| Accident Causation Theories | |
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| Single Factor Theory | |
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| Domino Theories | |
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| Heinrich's Domino Theory | |
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| Bird and Loftus' Domino Theory | |
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| Marcum's Domino Theory | |
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| Multiple Causation Accident Theories | |
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| Multiple Factors Theory | |
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| Systems Theory of Causation | |
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| Psychological/Behavioral Accident Causation Theories | |
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| Goals Freedom Alertness Theory | |
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| Motivation Reward Satisfaction Model | |
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| Human Factors Theory | |
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| Energy-Related Accident Causation Theories | |
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| Energy Release Theory | |
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| Incident Investigation | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Questions | |
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| References | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Introduction to Industrial Hygiene | |
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| Chapter Objectives | |
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| Case Study | |
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| What Is Industrial Hygiene? | |
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| What Do We Mean by the "Art" of Industrial Hygiene? | |
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| What about the Science of Industrial Hygiene? | |
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| What Are the Health Hazards That the IH Is Charged with Recognizing, Evaluating, and Controlling? | |
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| History of Industrial Hygiene | |
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| Toxicology | |
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| Routes of Entry | |
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| Acute and Chronic Exposures | |
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| Chemical Interactions | |
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| Classification of Toxic Materials | |
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| Toxicity versus Risk | |
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| Precautionary Principle | |
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| Industrial Hygiene Practice | |
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| Recognition | |
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| Evaluation | |
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| Control | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Questions | |
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| |
| Bibliography | |
| |
| |
| |
| Ergonomics and Safety Management | |
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| |
| Chapter Objectives | |
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| Case Study | |
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| Introduction to Ergonomics | |
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| Definition of the Term "Ergonomics" | |
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| Ergonomics Is Multidisciplinary | |
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| Ergonomics Objective | |
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| Applying Ergonomics: An Overview | |
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| Applying Ergonomics: In Detail | |
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| Operator-Machine Systems | |
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| People Variables | |
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| Anthropometry | |
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| Biomechanics | |
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| Classification of Body Movement, Postures, and Positions | |
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| Physiological Categories of Movement | |
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| Abduction/Adduction | |
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| Circumduction | |
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| Flexion/Extension | |
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| Neutral Plane/Deviation | |
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| Rotation | |
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| Supination/Pronation | |
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| |
| Operational Categories of Movement | |
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| |
| Additional Characteristics of the People Variable | |
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| |
| Cumulative Trauma Disorders | |
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| |
| Carpal Tunnel Syndrome | |
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| Cubital Tunnel Syndrome | |
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| |
| Tendonitis | |
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| |
| Tenosynovitis | |
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| |
| CTD Symptoms | |
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| |
| Machine Variables | |
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| |
| Environmental Variables | |
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| |
| Workplace Layout and Design | |
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| |
| Interventions-Workstations | |
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| Interventions-Manual Material Handling | |
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| |
| Interventions-Video Display Terminal Workstation Design | |
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| |
| Conclusion | |
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| Questions | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Bibliography | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fire Prevention and Protection | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Objectives | |
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| |
| Case Study | |
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| |
| Fire Tetrahedron | |
| |
| |
| Categories of Fires and Extinguishers | |
| |
| |
| National Fire Protection Association | |
| |
| |
| Standards and Codes | |
| |
| |
| NFPA 70 | |
| |
| |
| NFPA 101 | |
| |
| |
| NFPA 30 | |
| |
| |
| NFPA 13 | |
| |
| |
| NFPA 58 | |
| |
| |
| NFPA 99 | |
| |
| |
| Educational Materials | |
| |
| |
| NFPA 704 | |
| |
| |
| DOT Marking System | |
| |
| |
| OSHA Regulations | |
| |
| |
| Fire Case History | |
| |
| |
| Managing the Fire Program | |
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| |
| Written Program | |
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| |
| Conclusion | |
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| |
| Questions | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Bibliography | |
| |
| |
| |
| System Safety | |
| |
| |
| |
| Chapter Objectives | |
| |
| |
| Case Study | |
| |
| |
| Definitions | |
| |
| |
| History of System Safety | |
| |
| |
| Importance of System Safety Today | |
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| |
| System Life Cycle | |
| |
| |
| Management of System Safety | |
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| |
| Organizational Location | |
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| |
| Organizational Interfaces | |
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| |
| Implementation Difficulties | |
| |
| |
| Elements of a System-Safety Program Plan (SSPP) | |
| |
| |
| Tools and Techniques | |
| |
| |
| Preliminary Hazard Analysis | |
| |
| |
| Subsystem Hazard Analysis | |
| |
| |
| Hazard Analysis Techniques | |
| |
| |
| Technic of Operations Review (TOR) | |
| |
| |
| Technique for Human Error Rate Prediction (THERP) | |
| |
| |
| Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) | |
| |
| |
| Fault Hazard Analysis (FHA) | |
| |
| |
| Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) | |
| |
| |
| Job Safety Analysis | |
| |
| |
| Reasons for Conducting a JSA | |
| |
| |
| Who Should Conduct JSAs? | |
| |
| |
| Procedures and Various Methods Used to Perform JSAs | |
| |
| |
| Various Methods for Performing JSAs | |
| |
| |
| Selecting the Job | |
| |
| |
| Completing the JSA | |
| |
| |
| Effectively Using a JSA in Loss Prevention | |
| |
| |
| An Example | |
| |
| |
| Accident Investigation | |
| |
| |
| Accident Types | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| Questions | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Bibliography | |
| |
| |
| |
| Managing the Safety Function | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Objectives | |
| |
| |
| Case Study | |
| |
| |
| Planning | |
| |
| |
| Organizing | |
| |
| |
| Controlling | |
| |
| |
| Directing | |
| |
| |
| Staffing | |
| |
| |
| Communications | |
| |
| |
| Evaluation of the System | |
| |
| |
| OSHA Guidelines | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| Questions | |
| |
| |
| Bibliography | |
| |
| |
| |
| Psychology and Safety: The Human Element in Loss Prevention | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Objectives | |
| |
| |
| Case Studies | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Basic Terminology | |
| |
| |
| Motivation | |
| |
| |
| Goal-Directed School | |
| |
| |
| Maslow's Needs-Hierarchy Theory | |
| |
| |
| McClelland's Need-Achievement Theory | |
| |
| |
| Herzberg's Motivation Hygiene Theory | |
| |
| |
| Behavioral School | |
| |
| |
| Pavlov | |
| |
| |
| Skinner | |
| |
| |
| The Rational Employee: Applying Motivation Theories | |
| |
| |
| Organizational Environment and the Safety Culture | |
| |
| |
| Incentives versus Inherent Reinforcement | |
| |
| |
| Employee Empowerment and Job Enrichment | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| Questions | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Bibliography | |
| |
| |
| |
| Improving Safety Performance with Behavior-Based Safety | |
| |
| |
| |
| Chapter Objectives | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Misconceptions about Behavioral Safety | |
| |
| |
| Basic Definitions and Terminology | |
| |
| |
| Principles and Strategies of Behavioral Safety | |
| |
| |
| Common Problems with Safety Efforts | |
| |
| |
| A Process Focusing on Improving Safety Behavior | |
| |
| |
| Behavior Sampling for Proactive Measures | |
| |
| |
| Employee-Driven Processes and Partial Empowerment | |
| |
| |
| Implementing Behavioral Approaches | |
| |
| |
| How to Implement Behavioral Safety-Common Steps | |
| |
| |
| How to Conduct a Safety Assessment | |
| |
| |
| Developing an Inventory of Critical Safety-Related Behaviors | |
| |
| |
| What Are Critical Behaviors and Why Develop an Inventory of Critical Behaviors? | |
| |
| |
| How Can We Identify Critical Behaviors? | |
| |
| |
| Steps of the Observation Process | |
| |
| |
| Steps for Continuous Improvement | |
| |
| |
| Safety Coaching | |
| |
| |
| Steps in the Coaching Process | |
| |
| |
| How to Provide Meaningful Feedback | |
| |
| |
| Common Performance Metrics for Behavioral Safety | |
| |
| |
| Potential Barriers to Successful Implementation of Behavioral Safety | |
| |
| |
| Success Factors for Behavioral Safety | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| Questions | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Workplace Violence | |
| |
| |
| |
| Chapter Objectives | |
| |
| |
| Case Study | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Nighttime Retailing | |
| |
| |
| Workplace Epidemic of Violence | |
| |
| |
| Background | |
| |
| |
| High-Risk Workplaces | |
| |
| |
| High-Risk Occupations | |
| |
| |
| Cost to Business | |
| |
| |
| Victimization of the American Workforce | |
| |
| |
| Severity of Victimization | |
| |
| |
| Profile of Victims | |
| |
| |
| Formula for Failure | |
| |
| |
| The Ingredients List | |
| |
| |
| Baking the Ingredients | |
| |
| |
| Recognizing the Potential Aggressor | |
| |
| |
| Disgruntled Employee Red Flags | |
| |
| |
| Employee Disenchantment | |
| |
| |
| Revenge | |
| |
| |
| Violence | |
| |
| |
| Defusing a Time Bomb: The Violent Employee | |
| |
| |
| Nonharassment Policy | |
| |
| |
| Pre-Employment Screening | |
| |
| |
| Drug Testing | |
| |
| |
| Employee and Management Training | |
| |
| |
| Crisis Management Planning | |
| |
| |
| Proper Security Measures | |
| |
| |
| Liaison with Local Law Enforcement | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| Questions | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Bibliography | |
| |
| |
| |
| Terrorism Preparedness | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Objectives | |
| |
| |
| Case Study | |
| |
| |
| Historic Information | |
| |
| |
| Overview | |
| |
| |
| Responsibilities | |
| |
| |
| Planning | |
| |
| |
| Activities | |
| |
| |
| Production | |
| |
| |
| Bottlenecks | |
| |
| |
| Location of Your Property | |
| |
| |
| Fences and Entrances | |
| |
| |
| Clear Area around the Premises | |
| |
| |
| Doors, Windows, and Other Openings | |
| |
| |
| Ventilation and HVAC Systems | |
| |
| |
| Lighting Systems | |
| |
| |
| Communication Systems | |
| |
| |
| Security Systems | |
| |
| |
| Surveillance Systems | |
| |
| |
| Guards and Sentries | |
| |
| |
| Entry and Movement of Vehicles and Visitors | |
| |
| |
| Entry and Movement of Employees | |
| |
| |
| Computers and Networks | |
| |
| |
| Threats | |
| |
| |
| Mail and Packages | |
| |
| |
| Your Role | |
| |
| |
| Insurance | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| Questions | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Hazardous Materials | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Objectives | |
| |
| |
| Case Study | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Background | |
| |
| |
| What Is a Hazardous Waste? | |
| |
| |
| Determining Generator Status | |
| |
| |
| Obtaining an EPA Identification Number | |
| |
| |
| Managing Hazardous Waste On Site | |
| |
| |
| CERCLA | |
| |
| |
| SARA | |
| |
| |
| Worker Protection Standards | |
| |
| |
| Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR [section]1910.1200) | |
| |
| |
| Written Program | |
| |
| |
| Labeling | |
| |
| |
| Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) | |
| |
| |
| Training | |
| |
| |
| Contingency Plans | |
| |
| |
| Hazardous Waste Disposal | |
| |
| |
| Uniform Hazardous Waste Manifest and DOT Regulations | |
| |
| |
| Additional Reporting Requirements | |
| |
| |
| EPA Wears Many Hats | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| Questions | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Bibliography | |
| |
| |
| |
| Construction Safety and the Multiemployer Worksite Doctrine | |
| |
| |
| |
| Chapter Objectives | |
| |
| |
| Case Study | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Construction Safety Recommendations | |
| |
| |
| Falls from Elevations | |
| |
| |
| Struck by and Caught In-between | |
| |
| |
| Electrical Shock | |
| |
| |
| Other Hazards | |
| |
| |
| Case Study | |
| |
| |
| Trenching | |
| |
| |
| Multiemployer Worksite Policy | |
| |
| |
| Doctrine History | |
| |
| |
| Contractor Qualifications and Programs | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| Questions | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Required Written Programs | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Objectives | |
| |
| |
| Case Study | |
| |
| |
| Safety and Health Program | |
| |
| |
| Hazard Communication Program | |
| |
| |
| Emergency Action Plan | |
| |
| |
| Fire Prevention Plan | |
| |
| |
| Emergency Response Plan | |
| |
| |
| Permit-Required Confined Space Plan | |
| |
| |
| Lockout Tagout | |
| |
| |
| Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) | |
| |
| |
| Respiratory Protection | |
| |
| |
| Process Safety Management | |
| |
| |
| Requirements | |
| |
| |
| Written Procedures | |
| |
| |
| Incident Investigation | |
| |
| |
| Emergency Action Plan | |
| |
| |
| Compliance Audits | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| Questions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Resources on Safety and Health | |
| |
| |
| Agencies and Associations | |
| |
| |
| Ergonomics | |
| |
| |
| Biomechanics | |
| |
| |
| Ergonomic Engineering: Hand and Power Tools | |
| |
| |
| Ergonomics: Behavioral and Psychological Aspects | |
| |
| |
| Ergonomics: General | |
| |
| |
| Ergonomics Management | |
| |
| |
| Industrial Hygiene | |
| |
| |
| Air Pollution and Hazardous Waste | |
| |
| |
| Health Physics and Radiation | |
| |
| |
| Noise Control | |
| |
| |
| Stress | |
| |
| |
| Toxicology | |
| |
| |
| Occupational Safety and Health | |
| |
| |
| Accident Investigation | |
| |
| |
| Electrical Safety | |
| |
| |
| Emergency Response | |
| |
| |
| Fire Prevention and Protection | |
| |
| |
| Health and Safety Education and Training | |
| |
| |
| Inspection and Audits | |
| |
| |
| Regulatory Compliance | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| 29 CFR 1910-OSHA General (Industry Standards Summary and Checklist | |
| |
| |
| |
| 29 CFR 1926-OSHA Construction Standards Summary and Checklist | |
| |
| |
| |
| Anthropometric Data | |
| |
| |
| Index | |