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Preface to the second edition | |
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Preface to the first edition | |
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Basics | |
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Using this book | |
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Defining the data | |
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Displaying the data | |
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Analysis of numerical outcomes | |
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Means, standard deviations and standard errors | |
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The normal distribution | |
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Confidence interval for a mean | |
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Comparison of two means: confidence intervals, hypothesis tests and P-values | |
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Using P-values and confidence intervals to interpret the results of statistical analyses | |
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Comparison of means from several groups: analysis of variance | |
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Linear regression and correlation | |
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Multiple regression | |
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Goodness of fit and regression diagnostics | |
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Transformations | |
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Analysis of binary outcomes | |
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Probability, risk and odds (of disease) | |
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Proportions and the binomial distribution | |
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Comparing two proportions | |
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Chi-squared tests for 2 x 2 and larger contingency tables | |
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Controlling for confounding: stratification | |
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Logistic regression: comparing two or more exposure groups | |
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Logistic regression: controlling for confounding and other extensions | |
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Matched studies | |
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Longitudinal studies: Analysis of rates and survival times | |
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Longitudinal studies, rates and the Poisson distribution | |
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Comparing rates | |
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Poisson regression | |
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Standardization | |
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Survival analysis: displaying and comparing survival patterns | |
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Regression analysis of survival data | |
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Statistical modelling | |
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Likelihood | |
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Regression modelling | |
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Relaxing model assumptions | |
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Analysis of clustered data | |
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Systematic reviews and meta-analysis | |
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Bayesian statistics | |
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Study design, analysis and interpretation | |
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Linking analysis to study design: summary of methods | |
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Calculation of required sample size | |
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Measurement error: assessment and implications | |
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Measures of association and impact | |
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Strategies for analysis | |
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Appendix: Statistical tables | |
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Areas in tail of the standard normal distribution | |
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Percentage points of the standard normal distribution | |
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Percentage points of the t distribution | |
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Two-sided P-values for the t distribution, according to the value of the test statistic | |
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Percentage points of the X[superscript 2] distribution | |
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Probits | |
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Critical values for the Wilcoxon matched pairs signed rank test | |
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Critical ranges for the Wilcoxon rank sum test | |
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Random numbers | |
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Bibliography | |
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Index | |