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| Preface | |
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| Brief Overview of Fluid Power | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Concept of Fluid Power | |
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| Basic Circuits | |
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| Basic Circuit Analysis | |
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| Efficiency | |
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| Summary | |
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| Fluid Power Basics | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Fluid Statics | |
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| Hydrostatic Pressure | |
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| Conservation of Mass | |
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| Functions of a Working Fluid | |
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| Fluid Properties | |
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| Viscosity | |
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| Bulk Modulus | |
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| Specific Gravity | |
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| Other Fluid Properties | |
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| Flow in Lines | |
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| Reynolds Number | |
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| Darcy's Equation | |
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| Losses in Fittings | |
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| Leakage Flow | |
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| Orifice Equation | |
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| Analysis to Illustrate Use of Orifice Equation | |
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| Use of Orifice Equation to Analyze Pressure Reducing Valve | |
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| Summary | |
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| Data for Selected Hydraulic Fluids | |
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| Pressure Control | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Review of Needed Symbols | |
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| Relief Valve | |
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| Direct-Acting Relief Valve | |
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| Pilot-Operated Relief Valve | |
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| Example Circuits Using Pilot-Operated Relief Valves | |
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| Unloading Valve | |
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| Sequence Valve and Pressure-Reducing Valve | |
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| Sequence Valve | |
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| Pressure-Reducing Valve | |
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| Counterbalance Valve and Brake Valve | |
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| Counterbalance Valve | |
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| Brake Valve | |
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| Summary | |
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| Creation and Control of Fluid Flow | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Fixed Displacement Pumps | |
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| Fixed Displacement Pump Circuits | |
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| Variable Displacement Pump Circuits | |
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| Vane Pump | |
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| Piston Pump | |
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| Improvement in Efficiency with Load Sensing | |
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| Comparison of Pump Performance Characteristics for Three Main Designs | |
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| Gerotor Pump | |
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| Vane Pump | |
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| Axial Piston Pump | |
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| Multiple Pump Circuits | |
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| Pump Mounts | |
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| Flow Control Valves | |
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| Flow Dividers | |
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| Circuits Using Flow Control Valves | |
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| Summary | |
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| Rotary Actuators | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Stall Torque Efficiency | |
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| Typical Performance Data for a Gear Motor | |
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| Comparison of Motor Performance Characteristics for Three Main Designs | |
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| Gear Motor | |
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| Vane Motor | |
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| Piston Motor | |
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| Performance Characteristics of Low-Speed, High-Torque Motors | |
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| Geroler Motor (Disc Valve) | |
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| Vane Motor (Low-Speed, High-Torque) | |
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| Design Example for Gear Motor Application | |
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| Functional Requirements | |
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| Other Design Considerations | |
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| Interaction of Pump and Motor Characteristics | |
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| Bent Axis Motors | |
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| Design Considerations for Bent Axis Motors | |
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| Performance Advantage of Bent Axis Design | |
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| Radial Piston Motors | |
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| Motor-Gearbox Combinations | |
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| Oscillating Actuator | |
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| Summary | |
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| Curve Fitting Technique | |
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| Hydrostatic Transmissions | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Mechanical Transmissions | |
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| Torque Converters | |
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| Shift Control of Automatic Transmission | |
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| Summary | |
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| Introduction to Hydrostatic Transmissions | |
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| Hydrostatic Transmissions for Vehicle Propulsion | |
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| Comparison of Hydrostatic and Mechanical Drives | |
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| Advantages of Hydrostatic Transmissions | |
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| Different Configurations of Hydrostatic Transmissions to Propel Vehicles | |
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| Hydrostatic Transmission with Two Wheel Motors | |
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| Hydrostatic Transmission with Final Drives | |
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| Hydrostatic Transmission with Variable Speed Motors | |
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| Vehicle with Two Hydrostatic Transmissions | |
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| Hydrostatic Drive for Three-Wheel Vehicle | |
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| Hydrostatic Transmission for Four-Wheel Drive Vehicle | |
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| Summary | |
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| Classification of Hydrostatic Transmissions | |
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| Closed-Circuit Hydrostatic Transmissions | |
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| Charge Pump | |
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| Shuttle Valve | |
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| Cross-Port Relief Valves | |
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| Multipurpose Valves | |
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| Summary | |
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| Closed-Circuit, Closed-Loop Hydrostatic Transmissions | |
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| Review of Pump and Motor Operating Characteristics | |
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| Servo-Controlled Pump | |
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| Servo Valve Circuit | |
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| Response Time for Closed-Loop Circuit | |
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| Operation of Closed-Circuit, Closed-Loop Hydrostatic Transmission | |
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| Hydrostatic Transmission Design | |
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| Hydrostatic Drive for Sweet Sorghum Harvester | |
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| Example Solution for Design of Hydrostatic Drive for Sweet Sorghum Harvester | |
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| Summary | |
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| Basic Concepts in Traction | |
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| Selected Catalog Data for Hydrostatic Transmission Design Problems | |
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| Linear Actuators | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Analysis of Cylinders in Parallel and Series | |
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| Synchronization of Cylinders | |
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| Orifice-Type Flow Divider | |
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| Gear-Type Flow Divider | |
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| Mechanical Coupling | |
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| Cushioning | |
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| Rephasing of Cylinders | |
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| Presses | |
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| Pilot-Operated Check Valve | |
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| Load-Locking Circuit | |
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| Load Analysis | |
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| Analysis of Acceleration of a Load with a Cylinder | |
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| One Method for Incorporating the Influence of Various Factors during Acceleration Event | |
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| Types of Cylinders | |
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| Cylinder Selection | |
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| Cylinder Failure | |
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| Cylinder Construction | |
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| Summary | |
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| Temperature and Contamination Control | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Temperature Control | |
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| Methods for Cooling Hydraulic Oil | |
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| Heat Transfer from Reservoir | |
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| Heat Generated by the System | |
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| Design Example | |
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| Temperature Control Summary | |
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| Contamination Control | |
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| Sources of Contamination | |
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| Quantifying Fluid Cleanliness | |
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| Effects of Contamination on Various Components | |
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| Setting a Target Cleanliness Level | |
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| Achieving a Target Cleanliness Level | |
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| Monitoring the System Cleanliness Level | |
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| Summary | |
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| Auxiliary Components | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Reservoir | |
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| Reservoir Construction | |
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| Hydraulic Lines | |
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| Pipe | |
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| Hydraulic Tubing | |
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| Hydraulic Hose | |
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| Fluid Velocity in Conductors | |
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| Options for Connecting Components | |
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| Manifolds | |
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| Quick-Disconnect Coupling | |
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| Installation of Lines | |
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| Recommended Practices for Hydraulic Hose | |
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| Environmental Issues | |
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| Design Life of Components | |
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| System Integration | |
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| Port Connections | |
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| Tube or Hose Connections | |
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| Assembly | |
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| Summary | |
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| Selected Design Data for Fluid Conductors | |
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| Pneumatics | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Orifice Equation | |
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| Compressors | |
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| Reciprocating Piston Compressor | |
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| Diaphragm Compressor | |
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| Sliding Vane Rotary Compressor | |
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| Cooling | |
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| Receiver | |
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| Pipelines | |
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| Preparation of Compressed Air | |
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| Drying of Air | |
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| Air Filtration | |
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| Pressure Regulation | |
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| Compressed Air Lubrication | |
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| Service Units | |
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| Cylinders | |
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| Single-Acting Cylinders | |
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| Diaphragm Cylinder | |
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| Rolling Diaphragm Cylinders | |
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| Double-Acting Cylinders | |
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| Impact Cylinder | |
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| Free Air Consumption by Cylinders | |
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| Motors | |
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| Types of Pneumatic Motors | |
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| Characteristics of Pneumatic Motors | |
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| Additional Actuator Units | |
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| Cylinder with Mounted Air Control Block | |
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| Hydropneumatic Feed Unit | |
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| Feed Unit | |
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| Rotary Index Table | |
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| Air Cushion Sliding Table | |
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| Valves | |
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| Valve Symbols | |
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| Valve Design | |
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| Poppet Valves | |
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| Slide Valves | |
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| Other Valves | |
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| Summary | |
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| Standard Conditions | |
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| Servo Valves | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Concept | |
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| Feedback | |
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| Programmable Orifice | |
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| Control of Pump Displacement | |
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| Basic Servo Systems | |
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| Servo Valve Construction | |
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| Torque Motor | |
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| Methods for Shifting Servo Valve Spool | |
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| Valve Construction | |
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| Valve Performance | |
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| Rated Flow | |
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| Pressure Drop | |
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| Internal Leakage | |
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| Hysteresis | |
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| Threshold | |
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| Gain | |
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| Frequency Response | |
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| Phase Lag | |
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| Summary | |
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| Types of Servo Systems | |
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| Hydromechanical Servo System | |
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| Electrohydraulic Servo Systems | |
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| Servo Amplifiers | |
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| Servo Analysis | |
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| Open-Loop Gain | |
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| Natural Frequency | |
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| Error Terms | |
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| Introduction to the Laplace Domain | |
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| Summary | |
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| Proportional Valves | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Types of Proportional Valves | |
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| Force-Controlled Proportional Valves | |
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| Summary | |
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| Stroke-Controlled Proportional Valves | |
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| Analysis of Proportional Directional Control Valve | |
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| Overrunning Load | |
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| Resistive Load | |
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| How a Proportional Direction Control Valve Functions in a Circuit | |
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| Comparison of Servo and Proportional Valves | |
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| Summary | |
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| Summary of Equations | |
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| Index | |