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Sizing Up the Changing Landscape of Educational Governance | |
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The Rapidly Increasing Federal Influence | |
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States Take More Control over Education Policy | |
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Other Factors That Shape the State's New Role in Education Policy | |
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Implications for State-District Relationships | |
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How Will Educators and Local Boards of Education Be Affected? | |
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Understanding Who Is in Control of American Education | |
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The Evolution of Educational Governance and the Federal Role | |
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Education as a System to Achieve Social Goals: Federal Involvement in Education | |
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Where Is the Federal Role Heading? | |
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Why Has This Increased Federal Role Been Sustainable? | |
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The New Federal-State Relationship | |
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Will Federal Influence Decrease at Some Future Point? | |
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Power to the States: Why and How States Are More Actively Shaping Education Policy | |
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Increased State Responsibility for Funding and Its Relationship with Education Reform | |
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Education Reform in the 1980s | |
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The State Role in Education Reform in the 1990s | |
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Statewide Systemic Reform | |
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Beyond the Coleman Report: School Effects on Student Learning | |
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New State Expectations for Educational Leaders | |
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Linking Funding and Performance: The Next Step | |
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The Competing Forces Shaping Governance and Policy | |
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Five Forces Behind State Reforms | |
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Nongovernmental Influences on Education Policy, Practice, and Governance | |
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Education Under Siege? | |
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Why Is It So Difficult to Implement State Policy at the School Level? | |
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The Interplay Between State and Local Levels in Policy Implementation | |
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How Schools Process Reforms | |
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Compliance-Oriented Implementation vs. Goal-Oriented Implementation | |
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Organizational Challenges to Reform Implementation | |
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Rethinking Governance as a First Step Toward State-Local Partnerships | |
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Aligning Policy Levers | |
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Pluses, Minuses, and Limitations of Alignment | |
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What Are the Levers for System Alignment? | |
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K-16 Alignment: What Is It and What Does It Look Like? | |
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Alignment: More Energy, Better Results? | |
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Changes in Roles at the State Level | |
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The Changing Role and Structure of State Policy Mechanisms | |
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The New Role of State Boards of Education | |
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The Contradictory Goals of State Education Agencies | |
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Transforming Departments of Education | |
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The Role of Commissions and Extra-Governmental Agencies | |
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What's Next for the State Level of Governance? | |
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Changes in Roles at the District Level | |
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Local Boards of Education | |
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Superintendents and Central Offices | |
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Changes in Roles at the School Level | |
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Principals | |
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Teachers | |
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The Reluctant Partners | |
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What Challenges and Possibilities Lie Ahead? | |
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Taking Stock: Where Are We? Where Are We Heading? | |
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What Are the Longer-Term Implications of Current Trends? | |
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Aligning Governance with Key Values, Goals, and Purposes | |
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Outlines of a New Governance System | |
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The Pressing Need to Create New Governance Models | |
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References | |
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Index | |
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About the Author | |