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| Introduction | |
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| What Makes an Ethical Issue? | |
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| Ethics or Morals? | |
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| Ethics and the Act of Communication | |
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| The Media and Morality | |
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| Are the Media Prone to Ethical Dilemmas? | |
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| The Media Are Not Us | |
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| Media Culture and the Clash of Priorities | |
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| The Effects of Organizational Structure on Moral Decision Making | |
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| Moral Excuses | |
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| Can Personal Ethics Become Professional Ethics? | |
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| Media Similarities: The Common Threads | |
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| Media Differences: A Coat of Many Colors | |
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| Media Goals | |
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| Media Loyalties | |
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| Forming Ethical Standards for the Mass Media | |
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| Values, Ideals, and Principles | |
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| Professional Codes and the Law | |
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| Can the Media Be Ethical? | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Case Study: Newsweek and the Death of a Story | |
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| Case Study Questions | |
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| Case Study: Patriotism in the Newsroom | |
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| Case Study Questions | |
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| Moral Claimants, Obligation, and Social Responsibility | |
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| The Linkage Concept | |
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| The Importance of Consequences | |
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| The Nature of Obligation | |
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| Synthesizing the Approaches | |
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| The Libertarian Approach | |
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| The Social Responsibility Approach | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Hypothetical: Education for Sale | |
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| Questions for Hypothetical | |
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| Case Study: Profits Versus Professional Obligation | |
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| Case Study Questions | |
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| The Media and Professionalism | |
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| Central Features | |
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| Secondary Features | |
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| Are the Media Professions? | |
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| Service to Society | |
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| The Public Journalism Debate | |
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| Pro Bono Work | |
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| The Professional-Client Relationship | |
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| Journalism and the Paternalistic Model | |
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| Advocacy and Agency | |
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| The Fiduciary Model | |
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| Trust and the Professional-Client Relationship | |
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| Can the Fiduciary Model Work? | |
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| Codes | |
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| Profession Versus Professionalism: If It Walks Like a Duck ... | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Hypothetical: The Terrorist Manifesto | |
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| Questions on Hypothetical | |
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| Case Study: Defining a Journalist | |
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| Case Study Questions | |
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| Ethical Theory | |
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| Why Can't We All Be Right? The Dilemma of Relativism | |
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| Subjectivism | |
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| The Test of Reason | |
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| Why We Reason the Way We Do | |
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| Social Contract Theory | |
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| Plato | |
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| Aristotle | |
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| Thomas Hobbes | |
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| John Locke | |
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| Jean-Jacques Rousseau | |
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| The Argument Over Means and Ends | |
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| Nonconsequential Ethical Theories | |
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| Immanuel Kant | |
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| Nonconsequential Theory in Modern Practice | |
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| Consequential Ethical Theories | |
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| Egoism | |
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| Utilitarianism | |
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| Modern Utilitarianism | |
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| Virtue Ethics | |
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| History of Virtue Ethics | |
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| Virtue Ethics in Modern Practice | |
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| Free Speech Theories | |
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| Benedict Spinoza | |
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| John Milton and the Marketplace of Ideas | |
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| The Marketplace of Ideas in Modern Times | |
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| The Liberty Theory | |
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| Free Speech and the Individual Versus Society | |
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| How to Choose Applicable Theories | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Hypothetical: Free Speech or Freedom From Fear | |
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| Questions on Hypothetical | |
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| To Tell the Truth | |
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| Truth as a Legal Concept | |
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| Defamation | |
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| Invasion of Privacy | |
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| Truth and the Act of Communication | |
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| Journalistic Truth | |
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| Journalistic Deception | |
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| Truth in Advertising and Public Relations | |
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| Ethics and Persuasion | |
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| The Art of Persuasion | |
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| The Strategies of Persuasion | |
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| Guidelines For Ethical Persuasion | |
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| Can We Tell the Truth From Fiction? | |
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| Consumers: Victims or Informed Choosers? | |
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| The Case for Withholding Information | |
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| The Ultimate Truth | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Hypothetical: Deceptive Advertising | |
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| Questions on Hypothetical | |
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| Hypothetical: PR and the Gun Lobby | |
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| Questions on Hypothetical | |
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| Case Study: To Air or Not to Err | |
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| Case Study Questions | |
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| Avoiding Harm | |
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| Causal Harm | |
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| Professional Responsibility | |
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| Liberty-Limiting Principles | |
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| The Harm Principle | |
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| The Offense Principle | |
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| The Principle of Legal Paternalism | |
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| The Principle of Legal Moralism | |
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| Mitigating Harm in Journalism | |
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| Mitigating Harm in Advertising and Public Relations | |
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| Caring and Harm | |
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| Can the Media Care? | |
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| Persuasive Models and Care | |
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| The Right Thing to Do | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Case Study: Arthur Ashe and Invasion of Privacy | |
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| Case Study Questions | |
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| A Checklist for Ethical Decision Making | |
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| A Checklist for Moral Decision Making | |
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| An Example | |
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| Rules | |
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| Summary | |
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| Hypothetical: Sports Team Names | |
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| Further Analysis | |
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| Media Codes of Ethics | |
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| References | |
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| Author Index | |
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| Subject Index | |