| |
| |
| Preface | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Basic Detection Theory and One-Interval Designs | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Yes-No Experiment: Sensitivity | |
| |
| |
| Understanding Yes-No Data | |
| |
| |
| Implied ROCs | |
| |
| |
| The Signal Detection Model | |
| |
| |
| Calculational Methods | |
| |
| |
| Essay: The Provenance of Detection Theory | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Yes-No Experiment: Response Bias | |
| |
| |
| Two Examples | |
| |
| |
| Measuring Response Bias | |
| |
| |
| Alternative Measures of Bias | |
| |
| |
| Isobias Curves | |
| |
| |
| Comparing the Bias Measures | |
| |
| |
| How Does the Participant Choose a Decision Rule? | |
| |
| |
| Coda: Calculating Hit and False-Alarm Rates From Parameters | |
| |
| |
| Essay: On Human Decision Making | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Computational Appendix | |
| |
| |
| Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Rating Experiment and Empirical ROCs | |
| |
| |
| Design of Rating Experiments | |
| |
| |
| ROC Analysis | |
| |
| |
| ROC Analysis With Slopes Other Than 1 | |
| |
| |
| Estimating Bias | |
| |
| |
| Systematic Parameter Estimation and Calculational Methods | |
| |
| |
| Alternative Ways to Generate ROCs | |
| |
| |
| Another Kind of ROC: Type 2 | |
| |
| |
| Essay: Are ROCs Necessary? | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Computational Appendix | |
| |
| |
| Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Alternative Approaches: Threshold Models and Choice Theory | |
| |
| |
| Single High-Threshold Theory | |
| |
| |
| Low-Threshold Theory | |
| |
| |
| Double High-Threshold Theory | |
| |
| |
| Choice Theory | |
| |
| |
| Measures Based on Areas in ROC Space: Unintentional Applications of Choice Theory | |
| |
| |
| Nonparametric Analysis of Rating Data | |
| |
| |
| Essay: The Appeal of Discrete Models | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Computational Appendix | |
| |
| |
| Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Classification Experiments for One-Dimensional Stimulus Sets | |
| |
| |
| Design of Classification Experiments | |
| |
| |
| Perceptual One-Dimensionality | |
| |
| |
| Two-Response Classification | |
| |
| |
| Experiments With More Than Two Responses | |
| |
| |
| Nonparametric Measures | |
| |
| |
| Comparing Classification and Discrimination | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Multidimensional Detection Theory and Multi-Interval Discrimination Designs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Detection and Discrimination of Compound Stimuli: Tools for Multidimensional Detection Theory | |
| |
| |
| Distributions in One- and Two-Dimensional Spaces | |
| |
| |
| Some Characteristics of Two-Dimensional Spaces | |
| |
| |
| Compound Detection | |
| |
| |
| Inferring the Representation From Data | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Comparison (Two-Distribution) Designs for Discrimination | |
| |
| |
| Two-Alternative Forced Choice (2AFC) | |
| |
| |
| Reminder Paradigm | |
| |
| |
| Essay: Psychophysical Comparisons and Comparison Designs | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Classification Designs: Attention and Interaction | |
| |
| |
| One-Dimensional Representations and Uncertainty | |
| |
| |
| Two-Dimensional Representations | |
| |
| |
| Two-Dimensional Models for Extrinsic Uncertain Detection | |
| |
| |
| Uncertain Simple and Compound Detection | |
| |
| |
| Selective and Divided Attention Tasks | |
| |
| |
| Attention Operating Characteristics (AOCs) | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Classification Designs for Discrimination | |
| |
| |
| Same-Different | |
| |
| |
| ABX (Matching-to-Sample) | |
| |
| |
| Oddity (Triangular Method) | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Computational Appendix | |
| |
| |
| Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Identification of Multidimensional Objects and Multiple Observation Intervals | |
| |
| |
| Object Identification | |
| |
| |
| Interval Identification: m-Alternative Forced Choice (mAFC) | |
| |
| |
| Comparisons Among Discrimination Paradigms | |
| |
| |
| Simultaneous Detection and Identification | |
| |
| |
| Using Identification to Test for Perceptual Interaction | |
| |
| |
| Essay: How to Choose an Experimental Design | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Stimulus Factors | |
| |
| |
| |
| Adaptive Methods for Estimating Empirical Thresholds | |
| |
| |
| Two Examples | |
| |
| |
| Psychometric Functions | |
| |
| |
| The Tracking Algorithm: Choices for the Adaptive Tester | |
| |
| |
| Evaluation of Tracking Algorithms | |
| |
| |
| Two More Choices: Discrimination Paradigm and the Issue of Slope | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Components of Sensitivity | |
| |
| |
| Stimulus Determinants of d' in One Dimension | |
| |
| |
| Basic Processes in Multiple Dimensions | |
| |
| |
| Hierarchical Models | |
| |
| |
| Essay: Psychophysics versus Psychoacoustics (etc.) | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Statistics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Statistics and Detection Theory | |
| |
| |
| Hit and False-Alarm Rates | |
| |
| |
| Sensitivity and Bias Measures | |
| |
| |
| Sensitivity Estimates Based on Averaged Data | |
| |
| |
| Systematic Statistical Frameworks for Detection Theory | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Computational Appendix | |
| |
| |
| Problems | |
| |
| |
| Appendices | |
| |
| |
| |
| Elements of Probability and Statistics | |
| |
| |
| Probability | |
| |
| |
| Statistics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Logarithms and Exponentials | |
| |
| |
| |
| Flowcharts to Sensitivity and Bias Calculations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Guide to Subsequent Charts | |
| |
| |
| |
| Yes-No Sensitivity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Yes-No Response Bias | |
| |
| |
| |
| Rating-Design Sensitivity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Definitions of Multi-Interval Designs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Multi-Interval Sensitivity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Multi-Interval Bias | |
| |
| |
| |
| Classification | |
| |
| |
| |
| Some Useful Equations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Tables | |
| |
| |
| |
| Normal Distribution (p to z), for Finding d', c, and Other SDT Statistics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Normal Distribution (z to p) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Values of d' for Same-Different (Independent-Observation Model) and ABX (Independent-Observation and Differencing Models) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Values of d' for Same-Different (Differencing Model) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Values of d' for Oddity, Gaussian Model | |
| |
| |
| |
| Values of p(c) given d' for Oddity (Differencing and Independent-Observation Model, Normal) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Values of d' for m-Interval Forced Choice or Identification | |
| |
| |
| |
| Software for Detection Theory | |
| |
| |
| Listing | |
| |
| |
| Web Sites | |
| |
| |
| |
| Solutions to Selected Problems | |
| |
| |
| Glossary | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Author Index | |
| |
| |
| Subject Index | |