| |
| |
| About the Authors | |
| |
| |
| Acknowledgments | |
| |
| |
| Preface | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Surveying the Ancestral Heritage of African American Culture | |
| |
| |
| Origins of African American Culture | |
| |
| |
| Historical Roots of the Composite African American Experience and the Metatheory of Afrocentricity | |
| |
| |
| African Americans in Contemporary U.S. Culture | |
| |
| |
| Employment | |
| |
| |
| Social Structure | |
| |
| |
| Institutions | |
| |
| |
| The Black Church | |
| |
| |
| Education | |
| |
| |
| Family | |
| |
| |
| African American Culture and Communication | |
| |
| |
| An Interpretive, Cultural Approach | |
| |
| |
| Communication as a Cultural Process: A Perspective | |
| |
| |
| Culture is Historically and Socially Emergent | |
| |
| |
| People Co-create and Maintain Culture as a Function of Identity | |
| |
| |
| People Negotiate Their Identities When They Come in Contact With Others | |
| |
| |
| Identities are Pluralistic and Overlapping | |
| |
| |
| Culture is a System of Interdependent Patterns of Conduct and Interpretations | |
| |
| |
| Perceptions Provide a Rich Source of Interpretive Data | |
| |
| |
| Sensitizing Constructs | |
| |
| |
| Core Symbols and Prescriptions | |
| |
| |
| Communication as Problematic | |
| |
| |
| Conversation, Code, and Community | |
| |
| |
| Cultural Identity | |
| |
| |
| Summary and Overview of Chapters | |
| |
| |
| |
| Self, Identity, Cultural Identity, and African American Cultural Identity | |
| |
| |
| Self-Concept and Identity | |
| |
| |
| Social Categorization and Identity | |
| |
| |
| Hierarchical Organization of Identity | |
| |
| |
| Types of Identities | |
| |
| |
| Identity and Social Interaction | |
| |
| |
| The Process of Identity | |
| |
| |
| Cultural Identity | |
| |
| |
| Ethnolinguistic Identity | |
| |
| |
| African American Cultural Identity | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| |
| Communication Competence | |
| |
| |
| Defining Competence | |
| |
| |
| Effectiveness and Appropriateness | |
| |
| |
| Knowledge, Motivation, and Skills | |
| |
| |
| Cultural Differences in Communication Competence Patterns | |
| |
| |
| Cultural Appropriateness | |
| |
| |
| African American Norms for Acquaintances | |
| |
| |
| African American Norms for Friends | |
| |
| |
| African American Norms Within Unequal Power Relationships | |
| |
| |
| African American Norms During Conflict | |
| |
| |
| Cultural Effectiveness | |
| |
| |
| Intercultural Communication Issues | |
| |
| |
| Validation of the Issues | |
| |
| |
| Comparisons of the Issues in In-Group and Out-Group Conversations | |
| |
| |
| Comparisons to European Americans | |
| |
| |
| Intercultural Conversational Improvement Strategies | |
| |
| |
| Original Strategies | |
| |
| |
| Additional Strategies | |
| |
| |
| Validation of the Conversational Improvement Strategies | |
| |
| |
| Intercultural Conversational Improvement Strategies in In-Group and Out-Group Conversations | |
| |
| |
| A Comparison of African American and European American Conversational Improvement Strategies | |
| |
| |
| Intracultural Communication Effectiveness | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| |
| African American Language and Communication Styles | |
| |
| |
| Language Style | |
| |
| |
| Black English | |
| |
| |
| Code or Style Switching | |
| |
| |
| Oral Tradition | |
| |
| |
| Core Symbols and Communication Style | |
| |
| |
| Sharing | |
| |
| |
| Touch | |
| |
| |
| Distance | |
| |
| |
| Immediacy and Relationship Intimacy | |
| |
| |
| Rituals | |
| |
| |
| Toasting | |
| |
| |
| Uniqueness | |
| |
| |
| Positivity and Emotionality | |
| |
| |
| Realism | |
| |
| |
| Assertiveness | |
| |
| |
| Other Communication Styles | |
| |
| |
| Coping Styles | |
| |
| |
| Interpersonal Styles | |
| |
| |
| Relationships | |
| |
| |
| Verbal Messages | |
| |
| |
| Nonverbal Messages | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| African American Relationships and Cultural Identity Negotiation | |
| |
| |
| African American Children and Youth Relationships | |
| |
| |
| Development of Racial Attitudes Among African American Children | |
| |
| |
| Race-Related Stress Among African American Adolescents | |
| |
| |
| African American Adolescents and Educational Achievement | |
| |
| |
| Gender Identity Differences Among African American Adolescents and Adults | |
| |
| |
| African American Families | |
| |
| |
| African American Family Structure | |
| |
| |
| Sibling Relationships | |
| |
| |
| Parent-Child Relationships | |
| |
| |
| Informal and Formal Adoption Networks | |
| |
| |
| Informal Adoption | |
| |
| |
| Formal Adoptions | |
| |
| |
| Motherhood | |
| |
| |
| Fatherhood | |
| |
| |
| African American Friendship, Dating, and Marital Relationships | |
| |
| |
| Adult Friendship Networks | |
| |
| |
| Interpersonal Solidarity and Loving Relationships | |
| |
| |
| Dating Relationships | |
| |
| |
| Marital Relationships | |
| |
| |
| Homosexual Relationships | |
| |
| |
| African American Workplace Relationships | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| |
| Conclusions | |
| |
| |
| Status of African Americans in the United States | |
| |
| |
| Communication Theory of Identity | |
| |
| |
| Basic Concepts of the Communication Theory of Identity | |
| |
| |
| Frames of Reference | |
| |
| |
| The Interpenetration of Frames | |
| |
| |
| Basic Assumptions of the Theory | |
| |
| |
| Identity as a Personal Frame | |
| |
| |
| Identity as an Enactment Frame | |
| |
| |
| Identity as a Relationship Frame | |
| |
| |
| Identity as a Communal Frame | |
| |
| |
| Applications of the Theory | |
| |
| |
| Cultural Contracts Theory | |
| |
| |
| Basic Premises | |
| |
| |
| Identities Require Affirmation | |
| |
| |
| Identities Are Constantly Being Exchanged | |
| |
| |
| Identities Are Contractual | |
| |
| |
| Basic Assumptions of Cultural Contracts Theory | |
| |
| |
| Cultural Contract Types | |
| |
| |
| Future Directions | |
| |
| |
| Research Methodology | |
| |
| |
| Practical Applications | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Author Index | |
| |
| |
| Subject Index | |