| |
| |
| |
| Basic Principles and Relevant Issues | |
| |
| |
| |
| Community-Based Practice: Occupation in Context | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| The Nature of Disability | |
| |
| |
| Transitions in Health Care | |
| |
| |
| Community-Based Practice | |
| |
| |
| Definitions of Terms | |
| |
| |
| Historical Perspectives | |
| |
| |
| Trends in Practice Settings | |
| |
| |
| Roles in Community-Based Practice | |
| |
| |
| Occupational Therapy Roles | |
| |
| |
| Role Descriptions | |
| |
| |
| Characteristics of Effective Community-Based Occupational Therapy Practitioners | |
| |
| |
| |
| Paradigm Shift: from the Medical Model to the Community Model | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Paradigm Shifts | |
| |
| |
| Paradigm Shifts in Occupational Therapy | |
| |
| |
| Basic Principles of Systems Theory | |
| |
| |
| Paradigm Shifts in Other Disciplines | |
| |
| |
| Public Health and Medicine | |
| |
| |
| Health-Care Delivery for Persons with Disabilities | |
| |
| |
| Vocational Rehabilitation | |
| |
| |
| Community Practice Paradigm | |
| |
| |
| |
| Public Health, Community Health, and Occupational Therapy | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Public Health | |
| |
| |
| Health Promotion | |
| |
| |
| Prevention | |
| |
| |
| Differentiation from Medicine | |
| |
| |
| Community Health | |
| |
| |
| National Health Goals and Objectives for the United States | |
| |
| |
| Demographics of Disability and the Need for Prevention | |
| |
| |
| Improving the Health of the Community Through Occupation | |
| |
| |
| The Well Elderly Study | |
| |
| |
| Practitioner Roles in Community Health | |
| |
| |
| |
| Theoretical Frameworks for Community-Based Practice | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Theory and the Organization of Knowledge | |
| |
| |
| Importance of Theory to Community-Based Practice | |
| |
| |
| Review of Terminology | |
| |
| |
| Organization of Knowledge | |
| |
| |
| Theories Related to Community-Based Practice | |
| |
| |
| Selected OT Conceptual Models of Practice | |
| |
| |
| Selected Health Education and Public Health Models and Theories | |
| |
| |
| Community Organization Theories and Models | |
| |
| |
| |
| Legislation and Policy Issues | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Legislation and Disabilities | |
| |
| |
| Protection and Care Referenced Legislation | |
| |
| |
| Educational and Developmental Referenced Legislation | |
| |
| |
| Medical Rehabilitation Referenced Legislation | |
| |
| |
| Civil Rights Referenced Legislation | |
| |
| |
| Environment Referenced Legislation | |
| |
| |
| Consumer Referenced Legislation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Program Development for Community Health: Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation Strategies | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Program Planning Principles | |
| |
| |
| Plan the Process | |
| |
| |
| Plan with People | |
| |
| |
| Plan with Data | |
| |
| |
| Plan for Performance | |
| |
| |
| Plan for Priorities | |
| |
| |
| Plan for Evaluation | |
| |
| |
| Plan for Measurable Outcomes | |
| |
| |
| The Planning Process | |
| |
| |
| Preplanning | |
| |
| |
| Needs Assessment | |
| |
| |
| Program Plan Development | |
| |
| |
| Program Implementation | |
| |
| |
| Program Evaluation | |
| |
| |
| Institutionalization | |
| |
| |
| |
| Accessibility Issues | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| A Cycle of Inaccessibility | |
| |
| |
| Legal Issues | |
| |
| |
| The Political Platform | |
| |
| |
| Laws and Amendments | |
| |
| |
| Regulatory Agencies | |
| |
| |
| Technological Issues | |
| |
| |
| Educational Initiatives | |
| |
| |
| The Role of Occupational Therapy | |
| |
| |
| Negotiability vs. Accessibility | |
| |
| |
| Education and Research Needs | |
| |
| |
| |
| A Variety of Community-Based Practice Settings | |
| |
| |
| |
| Community-Based Work Programs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Influences on Work-Related Practice | |
| |
| |
| The Transition to Community-Based Work Programming | |
| |
| |
| High-Quality Community-Based Work Programs | |
| |
| |
| Contributing Factors | |
| |
| |
| General Characteristics | |
| |
| |
| Examples of Community-Based Work Programs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Adult Day-Care Programs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Development of Adult Day Care in the United States | |
| |
| |
| Adult Day-Care Program Models | |
| |
| |
| Social Model Centers | |
| |
| |
| Medical/Restorative Model Centers | |
| |
| |
| Occupational Therapy Roles | |
| |
| |
| Direct-Care Clinician | |
| |
| |
| Activity Program Coordinator | |
| |
| |
| Case Manager | |
| |
| |
| Consultant | |
| |
| |
| Administrator | |
| |
| |
| |
| Independent Living Programs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Independent Living | |
| |
| |
| Comparing the Medical Model and the Independent Living Model | |
| |
| |
| The Independent Living Movement | |
| |
| |
| Independent Living Programs | |
| |
| |
| Types of Independent Living Programs | |
| |
| |
| Variations Among Programs | |
| |
| |
| Independent Living Program Personnel | |
| |
| |
| Occupational Therapy's Role in Independent Living Programs | |
| |
| |
| Occupational Therapy Evaluation and Intervention Planning | |
| |
| |
| Documentation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Home Health | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Home Health and Occupational Therapy | |
| |
| |
| Historical Overview | |
| |
| |
| Factors Impacting Home Health | |
| |
| |
| Unique Aspects of Home-Based Care | |
| |
| |
| Team Members | |
| |
| |
| Referrals for Service | |
| |
| |
| Reimbursement | |
| |
| |
| Requirements for Service | |
| |
| |
| Occupational Therapy Functions in Home Health | |
| |
| |
| Evaluation/Assessment | |
| |
| |
| Intervention | |
| |
| |
| Discharge from Occupational Therapy Services | |
| |
| |
| Documentation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Specialized Practice in Home Health | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Evaluation and Intervention with Mental Illness | |
| |
| |
| Trends | |
| |
| |
| Evaluation | |
| |
| |
| Intervention | |
| |
| |
| Evaluation and Intervention with Pregnant Women | |
| |
| |
| Perinatal Home Health Care | |
| |
| |
| Evaluation and Intervention with Children | |
| |
| |
| Areas Impacting Children's Health | |
| |
| |
| Assessment Tools | |
| |
| |
| Initial Visit and Parent Interview | |
| |
| |
| Intervention | |
| |
| |
| |
| Hospice | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Concepts of Hospice Care | |
| |
| |
| Historical Overview | |
| |
| |
| Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| Occupational Therapy and Hospice: Parallels in Philosophy and Practice | |
| |
| |
| Occupational Therapy as a Component of the Hospice Team | |
| |
| |
| Occupational Therapy Involvement in Community-Based Hospice | |
| |
| |
| Relevant Occupational Therapy Hospice Themes | |
| |
| |
| Occupational Therapy's Role in Hospice | |
| |
| |
| Evaluation of Occupational Performance | |
| |
| |
| Hospice Intervention Planning | |
| |
| |
| Documentation and Reimbursement | |
| |
| |
| Development of a Community-Based Hospice Practice | |
| |
| |
| |
| Needs Assessment | |
| |
| |
| |
| Formation of Strategies | |
| |
| |
| |
| Proposal Development | |
| |
| |
| |
| Marketing the Idea | |
| |
| |
| |
| Early Intervention Programs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Early Intervention Programs | |
| |
| |
| Demonstration of Need | |
| |
| |
| Components of Early Intervention | |
| |
| |
| Team Members | |
| |
| |
| Transition Planning | |
| |
| |
| Occupational Therapy Services in Early Intervention | |
| |
| |
| Occupational Therapy Evaluation | |
| |
| |
| Family Involvement | |
| |
| |
| Parent Instruction | |
| |
| |
| Equipment and Supplies | |
| |
| |
| Documentation | |
| |
| |
| Special Considerations in Early Intervention | |
| |
| |
| Rural Service Delivery | |
| |
| |
| Large Extended Families | |
| |
| |
| Cultural Diversity | |
| |
| |
| Professional Preparation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Community-Based Mental Health Services | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Mental Health Disorders | |
| |
| |
| Historical Aspects Associated with Occupational Therapy | |
| |
| |
| Etiology and Epidemiology | |
| |
| |
| Terminology | |
| |
| |
| Symptoms | |
| |
| |
| Intervention Approaches/Models | |
| |
| |
| Prevention | |
| |
| |
| Medical Treatment Approaches | |
| |
| |
| Rehabilitation Approaches | |
| |
| |
| Treatment Settings: A Continuum of Services | |
| |
| |
| Ambulatory Behavioral Health Care | |
| |
| |
| Vocational Program Settings | |
| |
| |
| Home Health Services | |
| |
| |
| Funding for Community-Based Mental Health Programs | |
| |
| |
| Specialized Occupational Therapy Roles | |
| |
| |
| Case/Care Management | |
| |
| |
| Consultation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Community-Based Approaches for Substance Use Disorders | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Substance Use | |
| |
| |
| Disorders | |
| |
| |
| Extent of Use | |
| |
| |
| Community Impact of Substance Use Disorders | |
| |
| |
| Substance Use Disorders and Occupation | |
| |
| |
| Stages of Change | |
| |
| |
| Community Interventions | |
| |
| |
| Occupational Therapy and Community Programs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Looking Ahead | |
| |
| |
| |
| Future Directions in Community-Based Practice | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| An Ecological Worldview | |
| |
| |
| Creating Opportunities in the Community | |
| |
| |
| Innovative Ideas Put into Action | |
| |
| |
| Case Management | |
| |
| |
| Entrepreneurs | |
| |
| |
| Criminal Justice System | |
| |
| |
| Assisted Living Facilities | |
| |
| |
| Apartment Programs | |
| |
| |
| Ergonomics | |
| |
| |
| Driving Programs | |
| |
| |
| Aquatic Therapy | |
| |
| |
| Hippotherapy | |
| |
| |
| Welfare-to-Work Programs | |
| |
| |
| Violence Prevention | |
| |
| |
| Funding Community-Based Programs | |
| |
| |
| Government Funding | |
| |
| |
| Foundation Funding | |
| |
| |
| Other Funding Sources | |
| |
| |
| Marketing Community-Based Programs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Implications for Professional Education and Research | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Professional Education: Then and Now | |
| |
| |
| Past Influences | |
| |
| |
| Curent Influences | |
| |
| |
| Future Implications | |
| |
| |
| Creative Strategies in Professional Preparation | |
| |
| |
| Eastern Kentucky University: Faculty-Facilitated Fieldwork Model | |
| |
| |
| Washington University in St. Louis: Community Practice Program | |
| |
| |
| University of South Alabama: A Community Service-Learning Approach | |
| |
| |
| Research in Community-Based Practice | |
| |
| |
| Diffusion of Innovations | |
| |
| |
| Appendix | |
| |
| |
| Index | |