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| Preface to the Second Edition | |
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| Preface to the First Edition | |
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| Discoveries | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Qumran Discoveries | |
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| The First Cave | |
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| The Seven Original Scrolls | |
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| The Cave Itself | |
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| The Other Caves | |
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| The Ruins of Qumran | |
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| The de Vaux Excavations and Interpretations | |
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| The Buildings | |
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| The Cemeteries | |
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| Subsequent Studies and Interpretations | |
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| The Buildings | |
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| The Cemeteries | |
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| Methods for Dating the Discoveries | |
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| Methods for Dating the Texts | |
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| Paleography | |
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| Accelerator Mass Spectrometry | |
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| Internal Allusions | |
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| Methods for Dating the Other Archeological Remains | |
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| Carbon 14 | |
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| Pottery | |
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| Coins | |
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| Survey of the Manuscripts | |
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| Biblical Texts | |
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| Biblical Scrolls | |
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| Targums | |
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| Tefillin and Mezuzot | |
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| Apocryphal and Pseudepigraphal Texts | |
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| Apocrypha | |
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| Tobit | |
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| Sirach (Ecclesiasticus or the Wisdom of Jesus ben Sira) | |
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| Letter of Jeremiah (= Baruch 6) | |
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| Psalm | |
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| Pseudepigrapha | |
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| Enoch or 1 Enoch | |
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| Jubilees | |
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| Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs | |
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| New Pseudepigrapha | |
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| Other Texts | |
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| Commentaries on Biblical Material | |
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| Continuous Commentaries | |
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| The Habakkuk Commentary (1QpHab) | |
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| The Nahum Commentary (4Q169) | |
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| The Commentary on Psalms (4Q171, 173) | |
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| Thematic Commentaries | |
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| Florilegium (4Q174) | |
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| The Testimonia (4Q175) | |
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| The Melchizedek Text (nQMclch) | |
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| A Commentary on Genesis (4Q252) | |
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| Paraphrases | |
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| Legal Texts | |
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| The Damascus Document | |
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| The Rule of the Community | |
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| The Temple Scroll | |
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| Some of the Works of the Torah (4QMMT) | |
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| Writings for Worship | |
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| The Cycle of Worship | |
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| Liturgical Texts | |
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| Calendrical Texts | |
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| Poetic Compositions | |
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| The Thanksgiving Hymns | |
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| Other Poems | |
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| Eschatological Works | |
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| The War Rule | |
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| Texts about the New Jerusalem | |
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| Wisdom Texts | |
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| 4Q184 Wiles of the Wicked Woman | |
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| 4Q185 Sapiential Work | |
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| Instruction | |
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| The Copper Scroll (3Q15) | |
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| Documentary Texts | |
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| The Identification of the Qumran Group | |
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| The Case for the Essene Hypothesis | |
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| The Evidence from Pliny the Elder | |
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| The Contents of the Qumran Texts and Essene Beliefs and Practices | |
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| Theology | |
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| Determinism | |
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| The Afterlife | |
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| Practice | |
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| Nonuse of Oil | |
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| Property | |
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| The Pure Meal | |
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| Bodily Functions | |
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| Spitting | |
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| Problems With the Essene Hypothesis | |
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| Entry Procedures | |
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| Marriage | |
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| The Name Essene | |
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| Other Theories | |
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| Sadducees | |
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| Jerusalem Origins | |
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| The Qumran Essenes | |
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| A Sketch of the Qumran Group's History | |
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| The Pre-Qumran Period | |
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| The Qumran Period | |
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| Phase I | |
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| Phase II | |
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| A Sketch of Qumran Thought and Practice | |
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| Predeterminism | |
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| The Two Ways | |
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| The Community of the New Covenant | |
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| Scriptural Interpretation | |
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| The Latter Days | |
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| Special Laws | |
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| The Universe | |
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| Worship | |
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| The End and the Messiahs | |
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| The Qumran Essenes and Their Place in Judaism | |
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| The Scrolls and the Old Testament | |
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| The Text of the Hebrew Bible/ Old Testament | |
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| The Period of the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament | |
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| The Pre-Qumran Textual Witnesses | |
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| The Masoretic Text | |
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| The Septuagint | |
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| The Samaritan Pentateuch | |
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| Qumran Contributions | |
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| The Great Isaiah Scroll | |
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| Qumran Agreements with the Septuagint against the Masoretic Text | |
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| Minor Examples | |
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| Major Examples | |
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| Jeremiah | |
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| Samuel | |
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| An Unusual Case | |
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| Theories about Textual Development | |
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| A Theory of Local Texts | |
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| A Theory of Textual Plurality and Variety | |
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| Successive Literary Editions | |
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| New Information About the History of Some Texts | |
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| The Book of Psalms | |
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| Daniel 4 | |
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| A Canon of Scripture | |
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| Evidence outside Qumran | |
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| The Prologue to Sirach (the Wisdom of Jesus ben Sira) | |
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| 2 Mace 2:13-15 | |
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| Philo, On the Contemplative Life 25 | |
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| Luke 24:44 | |
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| Matt 23:35 | |
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| 4 Ezra 14:23-48 | |
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| Josephus, Against Apion 1.37-43 | |
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| Evidence from Qumran | |
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| Criteria | |
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| Authoritative Books | |
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| Books Quoted as Authorities | |
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| Other Authoritative Books | |
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| Jubilees | |
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| 1 Enoch | |
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| The Temple Scroll | |
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| The Scrolls and the New Testament | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Similarities Between the Scrolls and the New Testament | |
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| Language and Text | |
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| Language | |
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| The Many | |
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| The Guardian | |
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| Other Examples | |
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| Text | |
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| New Testament Papyri in Cave 7? | |
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| Qumran Words and Phrases in the New Testament | |
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| The Sermon on the Mount | |
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| Characters | |
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| John the Baptist | |
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| Others | |
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| Practices | |
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| Shared Property | |
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| The Meal | |
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| Calendar | |
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| Eschatology | |
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| Messianism | |
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| Biblical Interpretation | |
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| Teachings | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Controversies about the Dead Sea Scrolls | |
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| Editing and Publishing the Scrolls | |
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| Events Since 1989 | |
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| Postscript | |
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| Index | |