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Preface | |
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Introduction: The Nature and Task of Theology | |
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The Theological Task | |
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The Historical Development of Theology | |
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Developments in the Meaning of the Term | |
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The Need for Theology in the Church | |
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The Task of Theology and the Church | |
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The Relationship of Theology to Other Concepts | |
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Theology and Faith | |
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Theology and Religious Studies | |
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Theology and the Sciences | |
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Theology and Truth | |
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The Ongoing Nature of the Theological Task | |
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Dangers in the Theological Enterprise | |
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Substitution | |
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Dogmatism | |
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Intellectualism | |
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Theological Method | |
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The Sources for Theology | |
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The Reformation Debate | |
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Contextualization and Experience | |
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The Threefold Norm of Theology | |
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The Integrative Motif of Theology | |
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Representative Alternatives | |
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The Kingdom of God | |
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The Community of God | |
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The Eschatological Community | |
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The Structure of the Theological System | |
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Theology and Ethics | |
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Theology: the Doctrine of God | |
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The God Who is | |
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The Reality of God in an Era of Atheism | |
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In the Era of the Bible: Which God? | |
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The Rivalry of the Gods | |
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The Universality of God | |
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In the Christian Era: Does God Exist? | |
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The Ontological Argument | |
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The Cosmological and Teleological Arguments | |
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The Moral Argument | |
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The Rise of Intellectual Atheism | |
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The Critique of the First Cause | |
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The Critique of the Concept of God | |
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The Elimination of the Idea of God | |
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Theology and the Modern Situation | |
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The Assertion of the Uniqueness of Christianity | |
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The Reformulation of the Proofs | |
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The Appeal to Anthropology | |
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Christian Faith in the Contemporary Context | |
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Knowledge of God in an Era of Agnosticism | |
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The Claim to Know God and Intellectual Agnosticism | |
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Epistemological Agnosticism | |
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Logical Positivism | |
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Agnosticism and the Incomprehensible God | |
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The Means to Knowledge of God | |
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Knowledge of God through Reason | |
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Knowledge of God through Religious Experience | |
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Knowledge of God through God's Self-Revelation | |
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Knowing God | |
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Knowing God as Subject | |
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Knowing God in History | |
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Knowing God and the Concept of Community | |
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The Triune God | |
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Trinitarian Doctrine in Theological History | |
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The Situation of the First Christians | |
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The One God | |
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Jesus' Lordship | |
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The Spirit's Presence | |
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Historical Development of Trinitarian Doctrine | |
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The Deity of Jesus | |
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The Deity of the Spirit | |
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Formulating Trinitarian Doctrine | |
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Trinitarian Doctrine in Post-Cappadocian Theology | |
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Eastern and Western Conceptions | |
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The Filioque Controversy | |
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Decline of the Doctrine | |
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Recovery of the Doctrine | |
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The Formulation of Trinitarian Doctrine | |
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The Content of Trinitarian Doctrine | |
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God Is One | |
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God Is Three | |
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God Is a Diversity | |
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God Is a Unity | |
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The Filioque and the Relational Trinity | |
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Analogies to the Trinity | |
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The Theological Implication of Trinitarian Doctrine | |
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Love as the Essence of God | |
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Love and the Inner Dynamic of God | |
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Love as the Fundamental Divine Attribute | |
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Love and the Divine Holiness, Jealousy, and Wrath | |
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Love and the Other Moral Attributes | |
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Trinitarian Doctrine and Christian Life | |
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Trinitarian Prayer | |
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Trinitarian Ethics | |
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The Relational God | |
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The Nature of the Relational God | |
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God as (a) Being | |
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God as Transcendent and Immanent | |
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God as Spirit | |
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Hegel's Conception of "Spirit" | |
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The Biblical Conception of "Spirit" | |
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Theological Implications | |
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God as Person | |
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The Philosophical Concept of "Person" | |
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Personhood and God's Relationship to the World | |
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Personhood and God | |
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The Name of God | |
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The Divine Attributes | |
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The Attributes and the Divine Substance | |
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The Medieval Debate | |
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The Doxological Position | |
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The Division of the Attributes | |
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The Eternal God | |
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Eternality and Our Experience of Time | |
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Attributes Related to God's Eternality | |
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The Good God | |
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Holiness | |
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Compassion | |
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God as the Moral Standard | |
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The Practical Importance of the Attributes | |
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The Creator God | |
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God as the Creator of the World | |
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The Creation of the World as the Act of God | |
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The Free Act of Creation | |
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The Loving Act of Creation | |
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The Creation of the World as a Trinitarian Act | |
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The Role of the Father | |
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The Role of the Son | |
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The Role of the Spirit | |
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The Act of Creation and the Sovereign Creator | |
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Present and Final Sovereignty | |
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De Jure and De Facto Sovereignty | |
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God's Future | |
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The Time of Creation | |
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Creation as Past | |
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Creation as Future | |
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Creation and Essence | |
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God as the Providential Administrator of the World | |
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"Community" as God's Purpose for Creation | |
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The Doctrine of Providence in Recent Theology | |
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The Classical Position | |
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Providence in Liberal Theology | |
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The Destruction of Providence | |
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God's Administration of His World | |
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Preservation | |
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Concurrence | |
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Government | |
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Anthropology: The Doctrine of Humanity | |
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The Human Identity and Our Origin in God | |
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Our Place in Creation | |
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Humankind and the Cosmos in Changing Cultural Contexts | |
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The "Premodern" Answer | |
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The Modern Answer | |
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Christian Faith and the Insights of Anthropology | |
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The Concept of "Openness to the World" | |
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The Theological Significance of the Concept | |
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"Openness to the World" and General Revelation | |
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The Question of General Revelation in Theology | |
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The Meaning of General Revelation | |
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The Place of General Revelation in Theological History | |
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The Theological Importance of General Revelation | |
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Revelation in the Human Person | |
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Revelation in Nature | |
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The Limit of General Revelation | |
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God as Our Origin | |
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The Existential Significance | |
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God as the Ground of Personal Existence | |
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God as Universal Father | |
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The Essential Significance | |
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Our Temporal Origin | |
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The Question of the "First Human" | |
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The Traditional Position | |
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The Mythical View | |
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The Underlying Hermeneutical Question | |
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The "First Human" and Evolution | |
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Considerations in the Evolution Debate | |
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Adam as a Historical Person | |
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Anthropology and Our Temporal Origin | |
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The Temporal Beginning of Humankind | |
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The Temporal Beginning of Each Person | |
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The Unity of Humankind | |
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Our Nature as Persons Destined for Community | |
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Our Ontological Nature | |
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Autonomy versus Determinism | |
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The Focus on Autonomy | |
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The Focus on Essence | |
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The Christian Perspective | |
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Human Substances | |
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The Idea of Substantial Entities | |
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The Trichotomist and Dichotomist Viewpoints | |
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Substantial Entities and Modern Theology | |
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The Contemporary Wholistic Alternative | |
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Death and the Whole Person | |
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The Origin of the Soul | |
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Traditional Alternatives | |
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The Classical Debate and the Contemporary Context | |
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The Soul and Our Ontological Nature | |
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Humans as the Image of God | |
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The Image of God in Theological History | |
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The Structural View | |
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The Relational View | |
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The Dynamic View | |
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The Image of God in the Bible | |
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The Divine Image in the Genesis Creation Narratives | |
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The Divine Image Elsewhere in Genesis | |
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The Image of God in the New Testament | |
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The Theological Significance of the Image of God | |
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The Divine Image as a Special Standing | |
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The Divine Image as a Special Fellowship | |
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The Divine Image as an Eschatological Reality | |
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The Divine Image as a Special Community | |
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Sin: The Destruction of Community | |
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The Nature of Sin | |
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Biblical Terms for Sin | |
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Old Testament Words for Sin | |
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New Testament Words for Sin | |
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Sin and the Human Person | |
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Sin Infects the Core of Our Being | |
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Sin Perverts Goodness | |
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Sin Is Universal | |
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The Essence of Sin | |
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Sin as Failure | |
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Sin as Disruption of Community | |
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Sin as Revealed in the Gospel | |
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Original Sin | |
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The Fall of Humankind -- the Fall of Adam | |
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The Garden | |
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The First Sin | |
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Consequences of the First Sin | |
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The First Sin and the Sin of Humankind | |
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Historical Suggestions | |
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The Reality of the Fall | |
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Original Sin and Guilt | |
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The Question of Guilt in Theological History | |
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The Biblical Basis for the Reformed View | |
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The Reality of Original Sin | |
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The Results of Sin: Our Human Situation | |
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Alienation | |
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Condemnation | |
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Enslavement | |
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Depravity | |
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Our Spiritual Co-Creatures | |
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The Nature of the Spiritual Realities | |
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Angelology in Christian Theology | |
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The Middle Ages: Speculative Angelology | |
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The Reformation: Biblical Angelology | |
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The Enlightenment: Rejection of Angelology | |
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Contemporary Theology: A Renewed Interest | |
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A Biblical Theology of Angels | |
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Definition | |
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Angels in the Old Testament | |
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Angels in the New Testament | |
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A Biblical Theology of Demons | |
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Definitions | |
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Demons in the Old Testament | |
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Demons in the New Testament | |
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A Biblical Theology of Satan | |
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Names Related to Satan | |
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Satan in the Old Testament | |
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Satan in the New Testament | |
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Angelology and Structures of Existence | |
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The Structures of Existence | |
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The Function of the Structures | |
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The Existence of Structures | |
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Strctures of Existence and the Bible | |
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Structures and Spiritual Beings | |
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Structures and the "Powers" | |
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Structures and Governance | |
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A Theology of the Structures | |
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God's Intent for the Structures | |
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The Evil Manipulation of Structures | |
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Structures and Christ | |
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The Demonic and Superstition | |
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Superstition and the Old Testament | |
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The Old Testament Opposition to Superstition | |
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The Presence of Superstition in Israel | |
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Superstition and Idolatry | |
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The Status of the Powers Lying behind Superstition | |
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The Reality of the Powers | |
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The Powers as Unreal | |
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A Christian Stance toward Superstition | |
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Christology: The Doctrine of Christ | |
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The Fellowship of Jesus the Christ with God | |
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Foundations: Jesus, the Divine One | |
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Development of the Affirmation of Jesus' Deity | |
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Christological Controversy in the Second Century | |
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The Arian Controversy | |
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The Basis of Christology | |
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The Foundation of Our Christological Affirmation | |
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Jesus' Sinlessness | |
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Jesus' Teaching | |
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Jesus' Death | |
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Jesus' Claim | |
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Jesus' Resurrection | |
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Jesus' Claim and His Resurrection | |
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The Historical Foundation and Faith | |
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Implications: Jesus as One with God | |
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Jesus' Unity with God | |
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Function versus Ontology | |
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Jesus as the Revealer of God | |
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Jesus' Fellowship with the Father | |
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Jesus' Compassion | |
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Jesus' Special Fellowship with God | |
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Jesus' Lordship | |
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The Cosmic Lord | |
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Our Personal Lord | |
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The Lord of History | |
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The Fellowship of Jesus the Christ with Humankind | |
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Jesus as a Human | |
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Development of the Affirmation of Jesus' Humanity | |
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Apollinarianism | |
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The Council of Constantinople | |
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Jesus as Sharing in True Humanness | |
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Jesus and the Conditions of Human Existence | |
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Jesus and Human Growth | |
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Implications of Jesus' Humanness | |
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Jesus as the True Human | |
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The Foundation for Affirming Jesus as the True Human | |
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The Foundation in Jesus' Earthly Life | |
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The Foundational Importance of the Resurrection | |
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Jesus' Claim to Uniqueness | |
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The Content of Our Affirming Jesus as the True Human | |
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Jesus and the Resurrection | |
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Jesus and Community | |
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Jesus and the Upward Fall | |
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Jesus as the New Human | |
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Jesus as the Universal Human | |
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Jesus and the Marginalized | |
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Jesus and Women | |
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Jesus and the Individual | |
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The Fellowship of Deity and Humanity in Jesus | |
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Jesus as Divine and Human | |
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The Historical Debate concerning Jesus' Person | |
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The Nestorian Controversy | |
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The Eutychian Controversy | |
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Christology after Chalcedon | |
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The Reformation Debate | |
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The Foundation for Affirming the Unity | |
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Jesus as the Word | |
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Jesus as the Son | |
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The Relationship between Deity and Humanity in Jesus | |
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Jesus and Revelation | |
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Jesus and Community | |
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The Incarnation | |
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The Incarnation in Theological History | |
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The Kenosis Theory | |
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Modifications to the Kenosis Theory | |
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The Incarnation as the Paradox of Grace | |
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The Critique of Incarnational Christology | |
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Criticisms of the Traditional Understanding | |
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Significance of the Incarnation | |
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Jesus' Preexistence | |
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The Problem of Preexistence | |
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The Meaning of Preexistence | |
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Jesus and Preexistence | |
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The Virgin Birth | |
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The Historical Context of the Modern Debate | |
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Affirmations of the Virgin Birth | |
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Reinterpretations of the Virgin Birth | |
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Current Debate about the Virgin Birth | |
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Protestants and the Virgin Birth | |
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Roman Catholics and the Virgin Birth | |
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Points of Debate concerning the Virgin Birth | |
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Theological Arguments | |
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Historical Arguments | |
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Textual Arguments | |
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The Virgin Birth and Christology | |
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The Mission of Jesus | |
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The Vocation of the Earthly Jesus | |
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Fulfilling the Old Testament Hope | |
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Jesus as the Prophet | |
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Jesus as the Messiah | |
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Heralding the Divine Reign | |
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The Centrality of the Kingdom | |
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Jesus as the Son of Man | |
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The One Sent to Die | |
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Jesus' Consciousness of His Death | |
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Jesus as the Suffering Servant | |
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Jesus' Self-Consciousness | |
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The Atonement and the Mission of Jesus | |
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The Atonement in Theological History | |
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Dynamic Imagery | |
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Objective Imagery | |
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Subjective Imagery | |
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Modifications to Anselm's Theory | |
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The Significance of Jesus' Death in the New Testament | |
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Jesus' Death as Our Example | |
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Jesus' Death as Our Ransom | |
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Jesus' Death as Our Expiation | |
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Jesus Is Our Reconciliation | |
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Jesus' Death and Us | |
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The Atonement and the Human Predicament | |
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Our Reception of Christ's Atonement | |
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The Atonement and Community | |
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Christ's Substitution | |
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The Ongoing Work of Christ | |
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The Exaltation | |
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Jesus' Present and Future Ministry | |
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Jesus' Present Ministry | |
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Jesus' Ongoing Ministry | |
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Implication of Jesus' Ongoing Ministry for Prayer | |
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Pneumatology: the Doctrine of the Holy Spirit | |
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The Identity of the Holy Spirit | |
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The Spirit in Salvation History | |
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The Holy Spirit and the Old Testament Era | |
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The Spirit of God in the Old Testament | |
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Functions of the Spirit of God in the Old Testament | |
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Eschatological Direction of Old Testament Pneumatology | |
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The Holy Spirit and the Christ | |
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Jesus -- the Bearer of the Spirit | |
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Jesus' Promise concerning the Coming Spirit | |
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Pentecost -- the Fulfillment of Jesus' Promise | |
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The Spirit and the Community of Christ | |
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The Significance of Pentecost | |
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The Holy Spirit and the Risen Lord | |
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The Spirit in the Trinitarian Life | |
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The Foundation of Pneumatology in the Immanent Trinity | |
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The Basic Identity of the Spirit | |
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The Deity and Personhood of the Spirit | |
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The Holy Spirit and the Economic Trinity | |
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A Basic Understanding | |
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Aspects of the Spirit's Identity as the Power of God | |
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His Identity as the Eschatological Creator Spirit | |
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The Spirit and the Scriptures | |
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The Spirit as the Foundation of Scripture | |
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Inspiration and Illumination | |
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The Concept of Inspiration | |
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The Concept of Illumination | |
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The One Act of the Spirit | |
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Functional and Canonical Approaches | |
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The Development of Scripture in the Community | |
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The Risk of Subjectivism | |
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The Task of the Spirit Speaking through Scripture | |
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Scripture as the Source of Spiritual Sustenance | |
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The Constitutional Role of Scripture | |
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The Bible and Revelation | |
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The Concept of Revelation | |
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Barth's Proposal | |
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Revelation in the Bible | |
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Revelation and Scripture | |
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The Bible as Revelation | |
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The Bible as Derivative Revelation | |
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The Bible as Functional Revelation | |
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The Bible as Mediate Revelation | |
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Biblical Authority | |
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The Trustworthiness of SCripture | |
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Verbal, Plenary Inspiration | |
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An Infallible, Inerrant Bible | |
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Biblical Authority and the Authority of the Spirit | |
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The Extent of Biblical Authority | |
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Our Sole Authority | |
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Our Authority in All of Life | |
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The Dynamic of Conversion | |
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The Individual Aspect of Conversion | |
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Repentance | |
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Faith | |
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Our Response: Repentance and Faith | |
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The Divine Aspect of Conversion | |
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The Spirit's Activity in the Conversion Process | |
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Conviction | |
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Call | |
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Illumination | |
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Enablement | |
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Conversion and the Baptism of the Spirit | |
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Modern Pentecostalism | |
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Pentecostal View of Spirit Baptism and Tongues | |
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An Evaluation of the Pentecostal Position | |
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Spirit Baptism, Conversion, and Spirit Filling | |
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The Community Aspect of Conversion | |
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The Role of the Community in Conversion | |
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Proclamation of the Gospel | |
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Incorporation into a New Community | |
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Conversion and Church Initiation Rites | |
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Historical and Contemporary Positions | |
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The New Testament Teaching | |
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Conversion as Faith Expressed through Baptism | |
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Individual Salvation: The Wider Perspective | |
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The Process of Salvation | |
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Conversion | |
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Conversion and the Human Predicament | |
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Conversion and the Establishment of Community | |
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Sanctification | |
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The Concept of Sanctification in the Bible | |
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The Theological Concept of Sanctification | |
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The Sanctification Process | |
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Perfectionism | |
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Glorification | |
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The Eternal Context of Salvation | |
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Divine Election | |
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The Controversy over the Five Points of Calvinism | |
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The Decrees of God | |
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Election to Community | |
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The Ordo Salutis | |
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Historical Perspective | |
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Representative Positions | |
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The Order of Salvation and the Future Community | |
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Ecclesiology: The Doctrine of the Church | |
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The Church -- The Eschatological Covenant Community | |
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The Church as a Covenant People | |
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Ekklesia | |
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The Nation, the Body, and the Temple | |
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The Nation of God | |
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The Body of Christ | |
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The Temple of the Spirit | |
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The Church as Mystical, Universal, and Local | |
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The Marks of the Church | |
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The Classical Alternatives | |
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Biblical Consideration | |
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Balanced Congregationalism | |
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The Church as the Sign of the Kingdom | |
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The Biblical Conception of the Kingdom | |
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Old Testament Teaching about the Kingdom | |
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The Kingdom and Jesus | |
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The Biblical Drama of the Kingdom | |
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The Kingdom and the Church | |
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Church and Kingdom in Christian Thought | |
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The Church in the Kingdom | |
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Ecclesiological Implications | |
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The Church as Community | |
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The Basis in the Covenant and the Kingdom | |
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The Community of the Covenant | |
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Community and the Divine Purpose | |
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Community and the Divine Nature | |
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The Church as the Image of God | |
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The Church and the Spirit | |
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The Ministry of the Community | |
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The Purpose of the Church | |
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The Church in God's Purposes | |
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The Church and the Purpose of Creation | |
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The Church and the Glory of God | |
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God's Purpose in Glorification | |
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The Mandate of the Church | |
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Worship | |
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The Focus of Worship | |
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The Means of Worship | |
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Edification | |
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Aspects of Edification | |
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The Church as a Praying People | |
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The Church as Community to Its Believers | |
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Outreach | |
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Outreach as Evangelism | |
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Outreach as Service | |
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Community Acts of Commitment | |
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Acts of Commitment and the Church | |
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The Function of Acts of Commitment | |
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Sacrament or Ordinance | |
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The Meaning of "Ordinances" | |
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Commitment Acts and Community | |
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The Number of Commitment Acts | |
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The Historical Question | |
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Two Acts of Commitment | |
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Baptism: The Seal of Our Identity | |
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Background and History | |
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The Meaning of Baptism | |
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The Symbolic Significance of Baptism | |
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The Eschatological Orientation of Baptism | |
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Baptism and the Community | |
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The Impact of Baptism | |
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The Working of Baptism | |
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Baptism as a Divine Act | |
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Baptism as a Human Act | |
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Baptism as a Divine-Human Act | |
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The Subjects of Baptism | |
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Baptism and Faith | |
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Infant versus Believer's Baptism | |
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The Mode of Baptism | |
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The Lord's Supper: Reaffirming Our Identity | |
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The Presence of the Lord in the Celebration | |
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The Development of Transubstantiation | |
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The Protestant Reaction | |
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The Meaning of the Lord's Supper | |
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The Question of Terminology | |
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The Orientation to the Past | |
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The Orientation to the Future | |
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The Orientation to Community | |
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Our Presence at the Lord's Supper | |
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The Importance of Our Presence | |
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The Presence of Others at the Table | |
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The Organization for Community Life | |
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Membership in the Community | |
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Community Membership in the First Century | |
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Baptism and Community Membership | |
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The Legacy of the Reformation | |
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The Pure Church Ideal | |
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Initiation into the Community | |
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Baptism after the First Century | |
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Sectarianism versus Denominationalism | |
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Beyond Denominationalism | |
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Community Structures | |
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The Government of the Community | |
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Models of Government | |
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New Testament Considerations | |
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Balancing Autonomy with the Associational Impulse | |
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Government within the Communities | |
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The Congregationalist Dilemma | |
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The Foundation of Democratic Congregationalism | |
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The Democratic Congregational Ideal in Practice | |
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Leadership for the Community | |
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Offices in the Communities | |
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Church Offices in the New Testament | |
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Church Offices in the Ecclesiastical Tradition | |
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New Testament Offices and Today's Church | |
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Offices of the Community | |
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The New Testament Background | |
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The Pastoral Office | |
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Ordination by the Community | |
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The Basis for the Practice of Pastoral Ordination | |
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The Biblical Foundation for Ordination | |
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The Theological Foundation for Ordination | |
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The Significance of Ordination | |
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The Meaning of the Act | |
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The Ordaining Body | |
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The Ordaining Event | |
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Eschatology: The Doctrine of Last Things | |
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The Consummation of Personal Existence | |
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The Significance of Death | |
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The Problem of Death | |
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The Problem of Definition | |
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Death and the Meaning of Life | |
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The Biblical Trajectory | |
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The Old Testament: Death as Ambiguous | |
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The New Testament: Hope in the Face of Death | |
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The Theological Significance of Death | |
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Death and the Biological Realm | |
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Death as Loss of Community | |
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Death's Loss of Ultimacy | |
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Overcoming Death in the Resurrection | |
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The Nature of Culminated Personal Life | |
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Contemporary Visions of the Culmination of Life | |
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The Christian Hope | |
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The Possibility of the Resurrection | |
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Hope in the Face of Death | |
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Competing Visions of Life after Death | |
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Death as the Entrance into Eternity | |
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Soul Sleep | |
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Conscious Existence of the Soul | |
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Biblical Insight into the Intermediate State | |
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The Old Testament Concept of Sheol | |
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The New Testament Basis for an Intermediate State | |
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The Biblical Conception of Life beyond Death | |
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The Situation of the Righteous beyond Death | |
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The Foundation: Hope for Resurrection | |
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The Realm beyond Death | |
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The Consummation of History | |
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The Meaning of History | |
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Christian Hope in a Changed Context | |
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From Optimism to Pessimism | |
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The Challenge of a Pessimistic World | |
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Corporate Eschatology and the Biblical Message | |
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The Prophetic Vision | |
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The Apocalyptic Vision | |
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The Significance of History | |
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The Basic Characteristics of History | |
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History as God at Work Establishing Community | |
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The Presence of Community in and beyond History | |
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History's Goal as "Already" | |
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History's Goal as "Not Yet" | |
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The End as Grace | |
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The End as Judgment | |
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The Climax of History | |
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Apocalyptic and Millenarianism | |
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The Millennium in Christian Theology | |
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Postmillennialism | |
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Amillennialism | |
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Premillennialism | |
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The Deeper Issue of Millennialism | |
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Postmillennial Optimism | |
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Premillennial Pessimism | |
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Amillennial Realism | |
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Our Ultimate Hope | |
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The Era of the Imminent End of History | |
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The Biblical Understanding of Our Age | |
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The Eschatological Timetable | |
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The Consummation of God's Cosmic Program | |
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The Transition from Creation to New Creation | |
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The Judgment of the Cosmos | |
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The Certainty of Cosmic Judgment | |
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The Purpose of Cosmic Judgment | |
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The Judgment of Humankind | |
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The Certainty of Our Judgment | |
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The Time of Our Judgment | |
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The Basis for Judgment | |
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Our Presence at the Judgment | |
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The Nature of the Judgment | |
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Eternal Rewards | |
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The Dark Side of the Judgment | |
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Universalism | |
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The Place of Universalism in the Church | |
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The Foundation of Universalism | |
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Difficulties with Universalism | |
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Conditional Immortality | |
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Its Presence in the Church | |
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The Foundation of Annihilationism | |
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Difficulties with Annihilationism | |
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The Reality of Hell | |
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The Foundation of the Doctrine | |
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Hell: The Eternal Tragedy | |
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The New Creation | |
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The New Creation as the Renewal of the Cosmos | |
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Renewal as the Completion of Creation | |
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The Relationship of the New to the Old | |
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The Implication of Cosmic Renewal | |
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The New Creation as Fullness of Community | |
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A Place Where God Is Present | |
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A Place of Fellowship | |
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A Place of Glorification | |
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The Significance of Eschatology | |
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Eschatology as Insight into the Present | |
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Eschatology as God's Call in the Present | |
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The Foundation for God's Eschatological Call | |
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The Biblical Precedence | |
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The Implications for Theology | |
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Aspects of God's Eschatological Call | |
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A Call to Evangelism | |
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A Call to Holiness | |
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A Call to Steadfastness | |
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Eschatology as Insight for Living | |
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Eschatological Living as Hopeful Involvement | |
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Eschatological Living as Realistic Engagement | |
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Our Actions as Effective | |
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Our Actions as Penultimate | |
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Eschatological Living in the Light of the Eternal | |
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Indexes | |
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Subject Index | |
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Name Index | |
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Scripture Index | |