Acknowledgments | p. xiii |
Preface to the Second Printing | p. xv |
Introduction: The Body-Soul Question: Still A Vexing Problem | p. 1 |
Traditional Christian Anthropology and Its Modern Critics | p. 7 |
Early Christian Views of the Afterlife | p. 7 |
Dualistic Anthropologies | p. 10 |
Augustine | p. 10 |
Thomas Aquinas | p. 11 |
John Calvin | p. 13 |
Rene Descartes | p. 14 |
Conclusion | p. 15 |
Nondualistic Philosophical Anthropologies | p. 16 |
Thomas Hobbes and Materialism | p. 16 |
Baruch Spinoza and Dual-Aspect Monism | p. 18 |
Conclusion | p. 20 |
The Scientific Challenge to Dualism | p. 21 |
The Challenge to Dualism from Biblical Scholarship | p. 23 |
The Historical-Theological Challenge to Dualism | p. 25 |
The Challenge to Dualism from Christian Orthopraxis | p. 26 |
Conclusion | p. 31 |
Old Testament Anthropology: The Holistic Emphasis | p. 33 |
Introduction: The State of the Debate | p. 33 |
Traditional Christian Dualism | p. 33 |
Modern Christian Antidualism | p. 34 |
Some Questions | p. 36 |
The Holistic Emphasis of the Old Testament | p. 37 |
Antidualist Emphases | p. 37 |
Old Testament Anthropological Terms | p. 38 |
Preliminary Results for the Holism-Dualism Debate | p. 43 |
Philosophical Reflections | p. 45 |
The Old Testament, Holism, and Monism | p. 45 |
The Old Testament and Philosophical Anthropology | p. 49 |
Old Testament Anthropology: The Dualistic Implication | p. 52 |
The Old Testament View of Existence after Death | p. 52 |
Introduction: The Rephaim in Sheol | p. 52 |
Sheol | p. 54 |
Existence in Sheol | p. 55 |
Terminology for the Dead | p. 59 |
Hope Beyond the Grave; Resurrection | p. 62 |
Philosophical Reflection: Holistic Dualism | p. 66 |
Clarifying the Anthropological Image | p. 66 |
Dualism: The Inescapable Implication of Existence in Sheol | p. 69 |
Holistic Dualism: Philosophical Implication of Old Testament Anthropology | p. 70 |
The Anthropology of Intertestamental Eschatology | p. 73 |
Introduction | p. 73 |
Intertestamental Views of the Afterlife | p. 74 |
Old Testament Background | p. 74 |
Sheol and the Sadducees | p. 76 |
The Immortality of the Soul | p. 77 |
Varieties of Resurrection | p. 78 |
The Intermediate State | p. 81 |
Hellenistic Dualism? | p. 85 |
Where Are the Dead? A Topography of the Afterlife | p. 86 |
The Pharisees | p. 89 |
Summary and Conclusions | p. 91 |
The Monism-Dualism Debate about New Testament Anthropology | p. 94 |
Introduction | p. 94 |
A Preliminary Assessment of the Case for Dualism | p. 96 |
A Preliminary Assessment of the Case for Monism | p. 99 |
The Key Issue: What Happens When We Die? | p. 104 |
An Intermediate State Presupposes Dualism | p. 104 |
Alternative One: Immediate Resurrection | p. 106 |
Alternative Two: Extinction-Re-creation | p. 107 |
The Strategy for Concluding the Debate | p. 108 |
Anthropology And Personal Eschatology in the New Testament: The Non-Pauline Writings | p. 110 |
Introduction: Refining the Terms of the Debate | p. 110 |
Dualism in the Anthropological Terminology | p. 112 |
"Spirit" | p. 112 |
"Soul" | p. 115 |
Summary on "Soul" and "Spirit" | p. 119 |
Is There a Non-Pauline Eschatology? | p. 119 |
The Time of the Resurrection | p. 120 |
The God of the Living | p. 121 |
The Transfiguration | p. 122 |
The Rich Man and Lazarus | p. 124 |
Jesus and the Thief on the Cross | p. 127 |
Where Was Jesus Between Good Friday and Easter Sunday? | p. 129 |
Provisional Conclusion | p. 132 |
Anthropology And Personal Eschatology in the New Testament: The Pauline Epistles | p. 134 |
Introduction | p. 134 |
Relevant Pauline Texts | p. 135 |
Acts 23:6-8 | p. 135 |
I Thessalonians 4:13-18 | p. 137 |
I Corinthians 15 | p. 139 |
II Corinthians 5:1-10 | p. 141 |
II Corinthians 12:1-4 | p. 149 |
Philippians 1:21-24 | p. 151 |
The Time of the Resurrection in Philippians and Romans | p. 153 |
Conclusions | p. 154 |
Paul | p. 154 |
The New Testament as a Whole | p. 156 |
New Testament Eschatology and Philosophical Anthropology | p. 158 |
Introduction | p. 158 |
The Intermediate State and Dualism | p. 159 |
Immediate Resurrection: Monism or Dualism? | p. 164 |
Monism, Re-creation, and the Problem of Personal Identity | p. 169 |
Conclusion | p. 177 |
Practical And Theological Objections against Dualism | p. 179 |
Introduction: The Case Is Not Completely Closed | p. 179 |
Objection One: Dualism Undermines Christian Orthopraxis | p. 180 |
The Problem | p. 180 |
Religious Dualism | p. 182 |
Axiological Dualism | p. 184 |
Functional Dualism | p. 187 |
Social Dualism | p. 190 |
Conclusion | p. 190 |
Objection Two: At Death We Pass out of Time; There Is No Intermediate State | p. 191 |
Objection Three: The Whole Person Does Not Die | p. 194 |
Objection Four: An Immortal Soul Is Postulated | p. 196 |
Objection Five: Dualism Is a Result of the Fall; It Is Not Inherent in Creation | p. 198 |
Objection Six: The Bible Depicts the Dead as Bodily Beings, Not Immaterial Spirits | p. 200 |
Conclusion | p. 202 |
Holistic Dualism, Science, and Philosophy | p. 204 |
Introduction: The Final Topic of Debate | p. 204 |
Dualism and Science | p. 205 |
Brain Physiology | p. 205 |
Psychology | p. 209 |
The Question of Holism | p. 210 |
The Psychology of Near-Death Experiences | p. 212 |
Anthropological Dualism in Philosophy | p. 215 |
Introduction | p. 215 |
John Cobb and Process Philosophy | p. 216 |
Richard Swinburne and Dualistic Interactionism | p. 220 |
Pope John Paul II and Lublin Thomism | p. 222 |
Herman Dooyeweerd and Neo-Calvinist Philosophy | p. 226 |
Summary | p. 230 |
Final Conclusion: Holistic Dualism Vindicated | p. 230 |
Indexes | |
Index of Subjects | p. 233 |
Index of Authors | p. 236 |
Index of Scripture References | p. 239 |
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