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| General Introduction | |
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| Islamic Beginnings: Revelation, State Building, and Culture | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Quran and Other Islamic Texts | |
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| Shiite and Sunni Views on Political Legitimacy | |
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| Abd al-Hassan Ali al-Mawardi, On Choosing a Caliph | |
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| Allama al-Hilli on the Shiite Imamate | |
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| Abu Ali al-Husayn ibn Sina [Avicenna], The Ideal Muslim Intellectual | |
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| Rabia al-Adawiyya al-Qaysiyya, A Woman's Voice in Sufi Poetry | |
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| Abu al-Rayhum Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Biruni, A Muslim Scholar Examines Hinduism | |
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| From the Coming of Steppe Peoples to the Age of Gunpowder Empires | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Disasters Strike the Muslim World | |
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| Usamah ibn Munquidh, An Arab Perspective on the Crusades | |
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| Rashid al-Din Fazlullah, The Mongol Conquest of Baghdad | |
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| Ahmad al-Maqrizi, The Bubonic Plague in Syria and Egypt | |
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| Abd al-Rahman ibn Khaldun, Effective Rule and Dynastic Cycles | |
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| Shah Abbas and Emperor Jahangir Debate the Persian Conquest of Kandahar | |
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| Suraiya Faroqhi, Ottoman Women's Lives | |
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| Contradictions of Modernity: Imperialism and Social Change | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Decrees from the Ottoman Tanzimat | |
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| The Gulhane Proclamation | |
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| An Ottoman "Bill of Rights" | |
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| Social and Economic Change in the Ottoman Empire | |
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| Suraiya Faroqhi, Ottoman Peasants | |
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| Hanna Batatu, Political Centralization in Iraq and Kurdistan | |
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| Donald Quataert, Manufacturing Workshops | |
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| Alexander Scholch, European Trade with Palestine | |
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| Jamal al-Din al-Afghani, Plan for Islamic Union | |
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| The Two World Wars and their Aftermaths | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Conflicting Promises During World War I | |
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| Sharif Husayn ibn Ali, Desire for Arab Independence | |
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| Sir Henry McMahon, Qualifying British Pledges | |
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| The Sykes-Picot Agreement on Dividing up Arab Lands | |
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| Vahakn N. Dadrian, The Fate of the Armenians in World War I | |
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| Challenges to New Nations: Afghanistan, Turkey, and the Fertile Crescent | |
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| Queen Soraya, The Liberation of Afghan Women | |
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| Mustafa Kemal, Design for a Modern Secular Turkish State | |
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| Halid� Edib [Adivar], Dictatorship and Reform in Turkey | |
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| Michel Aflaq, Purifying the National Ideal: Baath Ideology | |
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| Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Divide India; Create Pakistan | |
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| Peter J. Sluglett and Marion Farouk-Sluglett, Divide and Rule in British-Controlled Iraq | |
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| Arabs and Zionists Struggle Over Palestine | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Zionism and its Early Arab Opponents | |
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| Theodor Herzl, Zionism: The Vision of an Eventual Jewish State | |
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| Rashid Rida, Pay Attention to Zionist Encroachment | |
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| "Tiberias," Warning of Zionist Colonization | |
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| The Balfour Declaration and the Mandate Period | |
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| The Balfour Declaration: AJewish Home in Palestine | |
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| The General Syrian Congress, Our Objections to Zionism and Western Imperialism | |
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| James Ramsay MacDonald, Letter to Chaim Weizmann | |
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| Vladimir Jabotinsky, Let Us Settle Palestine and Transjordan | |
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| Palestine on Eve of World War II | |
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| Ted Swedenburg, The Palestinian Revolt, 1936-39 | |
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| The Arab Response to the Proposed Partition of Palestine | |
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| The British Government's White Paper on Palestine | |
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| The Biltmore Program | |
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| The Creation of the State of Israel | |
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| UN General Assembly, the Partition Plan: Resolution #181 | |
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| UN General Assembly, Palestinian Right of Return: Resolution #194 | |
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| The Israeli Knesset, The Law of Return | |
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| Arab Assertions: Out of Despair Revived Nationalism | |
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| Nizar Qabbani, The Catastrophe of Arab Defeat | |
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| Palestinian National Council, The National Charter | |
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| Reaching for Peace: United Nations Security Council Resolutions | |
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| UN Resolution #242: Withdrawal from Occupied Territory | |
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| UN Resolution #338: End the Fighting | |
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| Transformation of Palestinian Politics | |
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| Yasir Arafat, We Recognize Israel | |
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| Hanan Mikhail-Ashrawi, The Meaning of the Intifada | |
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| Charter of the Islamic Resistance Movement of Palestine (Hamas) | |
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| The Peace Process | |
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| Principles of a Peace Agreement-Oslo, Norway | |
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| Yitzhak Rabin, The Price of Occupation | |
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| The Taba Negotiations | |
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| Impasse and New Intifada | |
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| King Husayn I of Jordan, Eulogy of Yitzhak Rabin | |
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| Ariel Sharon, Program for Dealing with the Palestinians | |
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| Marwan Barghouti, Grassroots Leadership and the Second Intifada | |
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| The Arab League, Ratification of the Peace Plan Proposed by Crown Prince Abdullah ibn Abd al-Aziz of Saudi Arabia | |
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| Palestinian Intellectuals' Urgent Appeal to Stop Suicide Bombings | |
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| George W. Bush, A New and Different Palestinian Leadership | |
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| Geopolitics of Oil and the Cold War Conflict | |
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| Introduction | |
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| U.S. Presidential Policies, 1947-2002 | |
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| The Truman Doctrine | |
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| The Eisenhower Doctrine | |
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| George H. W. Bush, The New World Order | |
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| William J. Clinton, The Battle Against. Terrorism | |
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| George W. Bush, Beyond Containment and Deterrence to Preemptive Action | |
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| Intervention and Revolution in Iran | |
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| Muhammad Mossadeq, Nationalizing Iranian Oil | |
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| Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini, Iran in Imperialism's Clutches | |
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| Ervand Abrahamian, Democracy or Theocracy: Iran's Islamic Republic | |
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| OPEC and the World Economy | |
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| Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries: Getting Our Share | |
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| Crown Prince Fahd ibn Abd al-Aziz, Oil and the World Economy | |
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| Wars at the End of the Twentieth Century and the Beginning of the Twenty-First | |
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| Joe Stork, The First Gulf War: Iran vs. Iraq, 1980-88 | |
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| The United Nations and the Second Gulf War: Security Council Resolution #687 | |
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| George H.W. Bush, The Second Gulf War and Kicking the Vietnam Syndrome | |
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| Zbigniew Brzezinski, "Some Stirred-up Muslims": Reflections on Soviet Intervention in Afghanistan | |
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| Ideologies, Movements, and Social Trends | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Egypt and Lebanon: Secularism and Confessionalism | |
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| Jamal Abd al-Nasser, Arab Socialism | |
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| Anwar Sadat, Infitah: Opening to the West | |
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| The Taif Agreement: Syrian Influence over Lebanon | |
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| Early Ideologues of Islamic Radicalism | |
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| Taqi al-Din Ahmad ibn Taimiyya, Against Heretical Innovation | |
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| Hasan al-Banna, Overcome Western Materialism | |
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| Sayyid Qutb, Corruptions of the Modern World | |
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| Modern Islamic Radicalism | |
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| Saad Eddin Ibrahim, Egypt's Islamic Militants | |
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| Taliban Decrees about Women, Men's Beards, Children's Games and Music | |
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| 9/11: Terrorism and Wars; Arab Citizens' Revolt | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Threat of Osama bin Laden and American Responses | |
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| Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders: The 1998 Fatwa | |
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| George W. Bush, Hand Over Terrorists or Share Their Fate | |
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| Congresswoman Barbara Lee, No Blank Check to President Bush | |
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| The Policy Debate | |
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| George W. Bush, Battling the Axis of Evil | |
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| Brent Scowcroft, Don't Attack Saddam | |
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| President Obama's Vision for New Beginnings in the Middle East: Cairo University, Egypt, June 4, 2009 | |
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| WikiLeaks | |
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| Saudi Royal Wealth: Where Do They Get All That Money? | |
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| Corruption in Tunisia: What's Yours Is Mine | |
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| Egypt Seen from the Inside | |
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| The Arab Citizens' Revolt | |
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| Stuart Schaar, Arab Dictatorships Under Fire in the New Information Age | |
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| Paul Amar, Why Mubarack Is Out | |
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| The Historical Context: The West and Islam | |
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| Bernard Lewis, The Clash of Civilizations | |
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| Edward W. Said, The Clash of Ignorance | |
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| Stuart Schaar, Orientalism's Persistence in Mass Culture and Foreign Policy | |
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| Epilogue | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Select Bibliography | |
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| Index | |