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| Foreword | |
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| Preface | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Julio-Claudian System. Client States and Mobile Armies from Augustus to Nero | |
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| The System in Outline | |
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| The Client States | |
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| The Management of the Clients | |
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| The Tactical Organization of the Army | |
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| The Strategic Deployment of Forces | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| From the Flavians to the Severi. "Scientific" Frontiers and Preclusive Defense from Vespasian to Marcus Aurelius | |
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| The System in Outline | |
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| Border Defense: The Tactical Dimension | |
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| Border Defense: The Strategic Dimension | |
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| The Decline of the Client System | |
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| The Army | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Defense-In-Depth. The Great Crisis of the Third Century and the New Strategies | |
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| The System in Outline | |
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| The Changing Threat | |
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| The New Borders of the Empire | |
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| Walled Towns and Hard-point Defenses | |
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| Border Troops | |
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| Provincial Forces | |
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| Central Field Armies | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Epilogue. The Three Systems: An Evaluation | |
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| Power and Force: Definitions and Implications | |
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| Notes | |
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| List of Works Cited | |
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| Index | |
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| Maps | |
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| The Empire in A.D. 23 | |
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| The East under the Julio-Claudians | |
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| The German Problem, A.D. 6-16 | |
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| The Frontiers in the Second Century | |
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| Strategic Mobility in the Roman Empire | |
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| The Wall Frontiers of Roman Britain | |
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| The Advancing Frontier in Germany | |
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| The Second-Century Frontiers in Europe | |
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| The Dacian Conquest | |
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| The Strategic Importance of Armenia | |
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| The Parthian Empire and the Roman East | |
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| The Great Crisis of the Third Century | |
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| The Frontiers of the Tetrarchy and the New Provinces | |
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| The Defense-in-Depth of the German Frontier | |
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| Defense-in-Depth: Augusta Libanensis (Only Attested Units Shown) | |
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| Figures | |
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| Roman Unit Establishments in the First and Second Centuries A.D. | |
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| Two Models of Empire | |
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| Models of Frontier Organization I | |
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| Models of Frontier Organization II | |
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| Hadrian's Wall: The Barrier Elements | |
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| The Tactics of Forward Defense | |
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| Operational Methods of Border Defense: Elastic Defense | |
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| Operational Methods of Border Defense: Defense-in-Depth | |
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| Operational Methods of Border Defense: Forward Defense | |
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| The Changing Pattern of Roman Fortification | |
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| Tables | |
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| Legionary Deployments, A.D. 23 to A.D. 192 | |
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| Auxiliary Troops in Lower Germany | |
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| Distribution of Troops: Frontiers and Field Armies in the East and West | |