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| Figures and Tables | |
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| Preface | |
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| Credits | |
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| Basics of Ethnic Studies | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Brief history of ethnic studies in America | |
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| What is ethnic studies? | |
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| Defining ethnic studies | |
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| Ethnic group | |
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| Subfields of ethnic studies | |
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| What ethnic studies is not | |
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| Structure of the book | |
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| Methodologies of Ethnic Studies | |
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| Traditional disciplinary methods | |
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| Field research/ethnography | |
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| Experiment | |
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| Survey research | |
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| Content analysis | |
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| Interdisciplinarity and multidisciplinarity | |
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| Comparativeness | |
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| Defining comparative methodology | |
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| Comparative analytical strategies | |
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| Issues in comparison | |
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| Discourse analysis | |
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| Summary | |
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| Major Issues in Ethnic Studies | |
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| Theories of Ethnicity | |
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| Concept of ethnicity | |
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| Nature and basis of ethnicity: Basic questions | |
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| The primordialist school | |
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| The constructionist school | |
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| The instrumentalist school | |
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| An integrated approach | |
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| Identity of mixed-race people | |
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| Summary | |
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| Ethnic Stratification | |
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| Basic concepts | |
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| Origins of ethnic stratification | |
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| The prevalence of ethnic stratification | |
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| Preconditions of ethnic stratification | |
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| Causes of ethnic stratification | |
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| The genesis of ethnic stratification in America | |
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| The emergence of the black slavery system | |
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| The origins of Indian-white stratification | |
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| The rise of Anglo-Chicano stratification | |
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| Summary | |
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| Ethnic Adaptation | |
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| A nation of immigrants | |
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| Approaches to ethnic adaptation | |
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| The Anglo-conformity perspective/assimilation theory | |
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| The melting-pot perspective | |
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| The cultural pluralism perspective | |
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| The ethnogenesis perspective | |
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| The internal colonialism perspective | |
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| The class approaches | |
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| Coming together or falling apart? | |
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| Summary | |
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| Ethnic Differences in Socioeconomic Achievement | |
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| Differential socioeconomic achievements | |
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| Explaining ethnic differences in achievements | |
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| Internal explanations | |
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| External explanations | |
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| Toward a synthesis | |
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| Summary | |
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| Ethnic Prejudice | |
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| The notion and dimensions of ethnic prejudice | |
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| Trends in ethnic prejudice in America | |
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| Theories of ethnic prejudice | |
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| The biological explanations | |
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| Psychological theories | |
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| Social learning theory | |
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| Conflict theory | |
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| Overall assessment and synthesis | |
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| Summary | |
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| Ethnic Discrimination | |
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| Concept of ethnic discrimination | |
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| Types of ethnic discrimination | |
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| Individual versus institutional discrimination | |
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| Intentional versus unintentional discrimination | |
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| Overt versus covert discrimination | |
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| Theories of ethnic discrimination | |
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| The prejudice hypothesis | |
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| Gain/functional theories | |
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| Class conflict theories | |
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| Social pressure theory | |
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| Interplay of Ethnic prejudice and ethnic discrimination | |
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| Summary | |
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| Racism | |
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| The evolution of the concept "racism" | |
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| The definition and dimensions of racism | |
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| Racism in the English language | |
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| Racism in American institutions | |
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| In the economic system | |
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| In the political system | |
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| In the educational system | |
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| In the legal system | |
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| Effects of racism | |
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| Effects of racism on minorities | |
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| Effects of racism on whites | |
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| Environmental racism | |
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| White racism and minority racism | |
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| Summary | |
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| Ethnic Segregation | |
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| Concept and dimensions of ethnic segregation | |
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| Measures of residential segregation | |
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| Levels and trends in ethnic residential segregation | |
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| Causes of ethnic residential segregation | |
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| The group-preference explanation | |
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| The economic-status explanation | |
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| The housing-discrimination explanation | |
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| The historical and structural explanation | |
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| Effects of ethnic residential segregation | |
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| School segregation, desegregation, and resegregation | |
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| Summary | |
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| Ethnic Conflict | |
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| Definition and forms of ethnic conflict | |
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| Theories of ethnic conflict | |
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| Interminority conflict: The case of Korean-black antagonism | |
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| Toward a more inclusive theory | |
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| Hate crimes | |
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| Summary | |
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| Ethnicity and Politics | |
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| Political party affiliation | |
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| Political ideology | |
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| Voting behavior | |
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| Political representation | |
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| Congressional representation | |
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| Representation in the administration | |
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| Representation in the Supreme Court | |
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| Summary | |
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| Race, Class, and Gender | |
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| Perspectives on interrelations of race, class, and gender | |
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| Effects of race, class, and gender on people's experiences | |
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| Racialized, classed gender roles | |
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| Race, class, gender, and work | |
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| Race, class, gender, and power | |
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| Race, class, gender, and sexuality | |
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| Race, class, gender and social institutions | |
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| Summary | |
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| Social Action Agendas and the Future of Ethnic Studies | |
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| Current Issues in Ethnic Studies | |
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| Affirmative action | |
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| What is affirmative action? | |
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| The historical background of affirmative action | |
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| Pros and cons of affirmative action | |
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| Proposition 209 | |
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| What is the way out? | |
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| Illegal immigration and Proposition 187 | |
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| Demographics of illegal immigrants | |
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| Proposition 187 | |
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| The immigration debate | |
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| State of legal immigration | |
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| The economic impact of immigration | |
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| The social impact of immigration | |
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| The environmental impact of immigration | |
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| Bilingual education and the English-Only movement | |
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| Origin and development of national bilingual education policy | |
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| Types of bilingual education programs | |
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| Pros and cons of bilingual education | |
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| Proposition 227 | |
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| The English-Only movement | |
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| The English-Plus campaign | |
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| Summary | |
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| Looking into the Future | |
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| Summary of the book | |
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| Continuing institutionalization of ethnic studies | |
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| Academization versus politicization of ethnic studies | |
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| Multiculturalism and ethnic studies | |
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| The study of whiteness and ethnic studies | |
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| Ethnic studies and national unity | |
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| Final remarks | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |