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Foreword | |
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Preface | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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Concepts of Traumatization: The Role of Boundaries | |
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The Concept of Boundaries | |
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The Role of Boundaries in Trauma | |
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Boundaries and Childhood | |
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Conclusion | |
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Trauma, Instinct, and the Brain: The Fight/Flight/Freeze Response | |
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Brain Responses to Stress | |
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Fighting, Fleeing, or Freezing | |
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Conclusion | |
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The Whiplash Syndrome I: Symptoms in Search of a Meaning | |
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The History of Whiplash | |
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The Clinical Syndrome | |
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Physical Forces and Structural Injury | |
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The Pathophysiology of Whiplash | |
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Conclusion | |
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The Whiplash Syndrome II: A Model for Traumatization | |
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Memory Mechanisms in Trauma | |
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Somatic Responses to Stress | |
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The Meaning of Speed | |
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The Physiology of Traumatization | |
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Conclusion | |
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Trauma and Brain Plasticity | |
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The History of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Psychiatry | |
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The Developing Brain | |
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The Development of Character | |
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Brain Plasticity in Trauma | |
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Objective Measures of Brain Change in Trauma | |
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The Permanence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder | |
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Conclusion | |
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Diseases of Traumatic Stress | |
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The Pathophysiology of Stress | |
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Stress versus Trauma | |
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The Hypothalamic/Pituitary/Adrenal Axis | |
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Stress, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, and Immune Function | |
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The Diseases of Trauma | |
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Morbidity and Mortality | |
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Conclusion | |
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Trauma Reenactment | |
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Introduction | |
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The Roots of Reenactment | |
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Clinical Features | |
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Gender Differences | |
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The Anniversary Syndrome | |
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Reenactment Through Risk Taking | |
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Conclusion | |
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Somatic Dissociation | |
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Examples of Dissociation | |
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Memory in Dissociation | |
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Cognitive and Emotional Features | |
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Dissociative Physical Symptoms | |
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Conversion and Dissociation | |
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The Autonomic Nervous System in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder | |
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The Concept of Boundaries | |
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Somatic Dissociation and Disease | |
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Conclusion | |
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Sources of Trauma | |
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The Definition of Traumatic Stress | |
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Exposure to Combat | |
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Child Abuse | |
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Societal Trauma | |
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Medical Trauma | |
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The Role of Past Trauma | |
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Awareness During Anesthesia | |
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Pediatric Medical Trauma | |
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Childhood Medical Trauma | |
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Conclusion | |
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Trauma Therapy: Future Directions | |
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Counseling and Verbal/Cognitive Therapy | |
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Exposure and Desensitization Techniques | |
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Somatically Based Therapies | |
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Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing | |
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Somatic Experiencing | |
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The "Power Therapies" | |
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Pharmacotherapy of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder | |
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Conclusion | |
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Case Histories: The Somatic Spectrum of Trauma | |
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A State of Vulnerability | |
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Somatic Representations of Prior Trauma | |
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Medical and Forensic Retraumatization | |
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Multiple Chemical Sensitivities | |
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The Mysterious Piriformis | |
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Disorders of Speech in Trauma | |
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Spasmodic Torticollis: An Aberration of the Orienting Reflex | |
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Dissociation and Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy | |
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Comments | |
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Postscript | |
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Notes | |
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Index | |