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| Preface | |
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| Introduction: The Middle Eastern Mosaic | |
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| States and Nations | |
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| Minorities in the Middle East | |
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| The Debate About Minorities | |
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| Principles and Means of Conflict Resolution | |
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| Muslim Minorities | |
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| Kurds: A Legacy of Struggle and Suffering | |
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| Kurdish Life Under Islam | |
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| Toward Independence in Kurdistan | |
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| The Mahabad Episode | |
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| Liberation as Rebellion | |
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| Kurdish Persistence and Powerlessness | |
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| Self-Rule and National Division in the 1990s | |
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| Berbers: Between Rebellion and Submission | |
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| Religiously Syncretic, Communally Exotic | |
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| The French Invasion and Berber Militancy | |
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| The Episode of Riffian Independence | |
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| Kabylia and the Front de Liberation National (FLN) | |
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| Arab Statehood and the Berbers | |
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| New Circumstances and Old Problems | |
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| Baluch: From Obscurity to Geostrategic Importance | |
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| Toward Independence in Baluchistan | |
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| State Repression and International Opportunity | |
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| Between Afghanistan and the Persian Gulf | |
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| Heterodox Muslim Minorities | |
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| Druzes: Freedom Without Independence | |
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| Religion and Its Precepts | |
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| Druze Warfare Within and Without | |
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| Druze Particularity in Mideast States | |
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| Survival Without Sovereignty | |
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| 'Alawites: To Power and the Unknown | |
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| Mysterious Sectarianism | |
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| 'Alawite Statehood and the French | |
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| Military Professionalism, Political Pretensions | |
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| The Assad Regime | |
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| An Uncertain Gamble | |
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| Christian Minorities | |
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| Copts: From Majority People to Minority Religion | |
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| Religious and Communal Identity | |
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| During the French and British Years | |
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| Facing Islam, Arabism, and Egyptian Independence | |
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| Insecurity and Abandonment | |
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| Armenians: Talent, Tragedy, and Territorial Loss | |
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| Christianity and National Character | |
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| Toward Independence in Armenia | |
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| The First Genocide of the Twentieth Century | |
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| Dispersion and Statehood | |
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| Revenge, Not Revolution | |
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| Assyrians: An Ancient People, a Perennial Struggle | |
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| Facing Antiquity, Christianity, and Islam | |
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| The Church, Facing East and West | |
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| Toward Assyrian Independence and Failure | |
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| Dispersion and Revitalization | |
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| Maronites: Sophistication and Missed Opportunities | |
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| Lebanon's European Connection | |
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| Ottoman Days, Maronite Nights | |
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| Toward Independence in Lebanon | |
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| Between Statehood and Sectarianism | |
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| Maronite Decline and the Lebanese War | |
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| Syrian Occupation and Israeli Withdrawal | |
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| Sudanese Christians: Tribulations and War in Black Africa | |
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| Christianity in the Jungle | |
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| Southern Subjugation and Slavery | |
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| British Rule: Toward Southern Freedom and Back | |
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| Sudanese Independence and Southern Rebellion | |
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| War: Religious, Regional, and Russian Factors | |
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| Change and Continuity in the Southern Struggle | |
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| Jews, Israel, and Other Middle Eastern Minorities | |
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| Jews: Zionist Achievement, Lingering Question | |
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| Judaism: A Religion and a Nationality | |
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| The Everlasting Homeland | |
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| Survival Despite Dispersion | |
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| Toward Jewish Independence in Eretz-Israel | |
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| The Key to Zionist Success | |
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| The Dhimmi Syndrome | |
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| The Problematics of Arab Opposition | |
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| Jews, Israel, and the Minorities | |
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| The Middle Eastern Minority Equation | |
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| Mythology and Memorabilia | |
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| Minority Connections | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| The Elusiveness of Political Rule: A Comparison | |
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| Minority Mobilization and the Crusader Case | |
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| Minority Particularity and the Israeli Case | |
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| Peoples and State Across the Region | |
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| The Middle East and the World | |
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| Notes | |
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| Select Bibliography | |
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| Name Index | |