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| List of Illustrations, Maps, and Charts | |
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| Preface | |
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| Introduction to the War Problem | |
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| The Nature of the War Problem | |
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| The Importance of the War Problem | |
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| The Four Aspects of the War Problem | |
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| The Conceptual Framework | |
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| The Meaning of the Term "War" | |
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| An Alternative to War? | |
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| The Meaning of the Term "Peace" | |
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| The Meaning of the Term "Justice" | |
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| The "Just War" Concept | |
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| Further Reflections on Peace and Justice | |
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| The Historical Framework | |
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| The History of Warfare Between Sovereign States | |
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| Wars Since 1946 | |
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| The Changing Nature of War | |
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| The Present Urgency of the War Problem | |
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| Causes of War | |
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| The Cause of War: General Considerations | |
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| Investigating the Cause of War | |
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| Individual Human Aggression | |
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| Individual Aggression and War | |
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| Group Competition and Group Identification | |
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| Arenas of Group Competition | |
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| Group Identification and Nationalism | |
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| Nationalism as a Cause of War | |
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| Other Views About Causes of War | |
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| Arms Races as a Cause of War | |
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| Military Planning as a Cause of War | |
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| Particular Villains as a Cause of War | |
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| War as an Effort to Suppress Internal Dissension | |
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| War as an Effort to Eliminate Injustice | |
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| The Absence of Peaceful Alternatives as a Cause of War | |
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| The Value of War | |
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| The Biological Value of War | |
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| The Technological Value of War | |
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| The Economic Value of War | |
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| The Psychological Value of War | |
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| The Social Value of War | |
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| The Moral Value of War | |
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| Will War Be Missed? | |
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| The Contemporary Situation | |
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| Ideological Aspects of the Contemporary Situation | |
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| Some Basic Distinctions | |
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| Capitalistic Democracy | |
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| Communism (Marx, Lenin, and Mao) | |
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| Fascism (National Socialism) | |
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| The "End of History" Thesis | |
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| Religion and War | |
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| National-Historical Aspects of the Contemporary Situation | |
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| The U.S. Perspective | |
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| The Russian Perspective | |
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| The Western European Perspective | |
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| The Japanese Perspective | |
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| The Chinese Perspective | |
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| The Less Developed Countries | |
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| Military Aspects of the Contemporary Situation | |
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| The Post-World War II Struggle for Power | |
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| Deterrence Theory | |
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| The Cuban Missile Crisis | |
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| Modern Nuclear Weaponry | |
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| Missile Defense Systems | |
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| Modern Non-Nuclear Weaponry | |
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| Weapons and War | |
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| Institutional Aspects of the Contemporary Situation | |
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| The Structure of the United Nations | |
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| U.N. Peacekeeping and Nation-Building | |
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| Dominant Influences in the United Nations | |
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| Accomplishments of the United Nations | |
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| Worldwide Functional Agencies | |
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| Regional Functional and Political Organizations | |
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| International Nongovernmental Organizations | |
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| Legal Aspects of the Contemporary Situation | |
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| The Nature of International Law | |
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| The Evolution of International Law | |
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| Laws of War | |
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| The Sources of International Law | |
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| Enforcing International Law | |
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| Proposals for Solving the War Problem | |
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| Reforming the Attitudes of Individuals | |
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| Interest in Social Issues Including International Affairs | |
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| Skepticism and Tolerance | |
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| Taking Personal Responsibility | |
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| Reluctance to Use Violence | |
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| Unselfishness | |
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| Globalism and Humatriotism | |
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| World Citizenship | |
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| Looking Forward Rather Than Back | |
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| Overcoming Defeatism and Apathy | |
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| Reforming the Internal Operation of National Governments | |
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| The Western Approach | |
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| The Marxist Approach | |
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| The Gandhi-King Approach | |
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| Reforming the Policies of National Governments | |
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| Peace Through Military Strength | |
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| Peace Through Alliances | |
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| Peace Through Neutrality and Economic Self-Sufficiency | |
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| Peace Through Strictly Defensive Strength | |
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| Peace Through Civilian Defense | |
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| Peace Through Arms Control | |
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| Peace Through Renunciation of War | |
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| Peace Through Conciliatory Moves and Confidence-Building Measures | |
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| Peace Through Good Relations, Morality, and Cooperation | |
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| Peace Through Third-Party Involvement | |
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| Peace Through International Conflict Management | |
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| Peace Through Peace Research and Peace Education | |
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| Reforming the International System | |
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| Limiting National Sovereignty in Specific Situations | |
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| Consolidating Nations into Larger Units | |
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| World Government Through Federation | |
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| World Government Through Functionalism | |
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| World Government Through Direct Citizen Action | |
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| A Note to the Reader | |
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| Chapter Notes | |
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| Selected Bibliography | |
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| Index | |
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| List of Illustrations, Maps, and Charts | |
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| "Let Us Beat Our Swords into Ploughshares" | |
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| "Seed Corn Must Not Be Ground" | |
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| Political Boundaries of Europe, 1914, 1920, 1947 (maps) | |
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| East Asia (map) | |
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| Israel, 1947, 1949, 1967, 1982 (maps) | |
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| Africa (map) | |
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| Latin America (map) | |
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| The Former Yugoslavia (map) | |
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| Ideological Terminology (chart) | |
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| Marx's Five Stages of Civilization (chart) | |
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| Europe Today (map) | |
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| Nuclear Weapons--1986, 1993, 2000 (chart) | |
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| Nuclear Weapons (chart) | |
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| Comparison of Confederation and Federation (chart) | |