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Preface | |
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Introduction: Research—Who Needs It? | |
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The Nature of Research Writing | |
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The Purpose of Research Writing | |
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Research as New Knowledge | |
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Defining the Necessary Degree of Doubt | |
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Describing, Narrating, Explaining, and Arguing | |
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Prewriting | |
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Using a Research Journal to Develop the Argument | |
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Avoiding Mistakes in Choosing a Topic | |
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Finding and Narrowing the Topic | |
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Start with Ideas and Questions in Your Journal | |
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Overview of the Research Writing Process | |
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State Your Hypothesis Before Source Hunting | |
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Finding Evidence to Support Your Hypothesis | |
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Must an Objective Library Paper Have an Argument? | |
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Topics and Stages of Writing | |
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The Learning Spiral | |
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Subject Areas and Narrow Topics | |
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Using Indexes and Subject Headings to Formulate a Topic | |
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A Twenty-Question Method of Topic Formulation | |
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A Five-Question Method of Topic Formulation | |
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How to Make an Assigned Topic Interesting | |
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Generating an Argument | |
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Avoiding Passive Information Gathering | |
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Using Exposition Effectively | |
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Arguing with Yourself | |
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Making the Argument Develop | |
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Can I Really Challenge Experts? | |
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The Three Bases of Persuasion | |
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Toulmin’s Approach to Argument | |
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Finding Sources | |
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How Many Sources Am I Looking For? | |
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Magic Solutions | |
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Starting a Bibliographical Card File | |
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Preliminaries | |
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Step One: Using Encyclopedias | |
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Step Two: Using Library Catalogs | |
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Step Three: Using Indexes | |
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Step Four: Searching the Internet | |
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After Step Four: What Next? | |
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Items to Record When Copying Citations | |
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Interpreting Title Pages, Copyright Pages, and Computer Screens | |
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Writing a Short Plan | |
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A Prospectus and Its Advantages | |
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Formats for a Prospectus | |
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An Abstract | |
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Using a Short Plan to Guide Your Research | |
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Gathering Information | |
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Active Reading | |
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Evaluating Sources | |
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Note-Taking Methods | |
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Three Types of File: Journal, Notes, Bibliography | |
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Using Topic Headings to Organize Your Notes | |
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Avoiding Plagiarism: Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing | |
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Sample Journal Entries, Notes, and Bibliography Cards | |
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Notes on Disks | |
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Using Photocopies Responsibly to Avoid Plagiarism | |
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Using Interviews | |
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Research Paper Formats: MLA and APA | |
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Overview of Research Paper Formats | |
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All Formats: The Function of Documentation | |
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Plagiarism and Common Knowledge | |
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MLA Format: General Appearance | |
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MLA Format: Parenthetical Documentation | |
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MLA Format: The List of Works Cited | |
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APA Format: General Appearance | |
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APA Format: Parenthetical Documentation | |
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APA Format: The List of Works Cited | |
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Research Paper Formats: CBE and Chicago CBE | |
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Citation Sequence Format: General Appearance | |
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CBE Citation Sequence Format: Documentation | |
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CBE Citation Sequence Format: The List of Cited References | |
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Chicago Format: General Appearance | |
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Chicago Format: Documentation | |
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Chicago Format: The List of Works Cited | |
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Writing the Rough Draft | |
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Outlines | |
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Starting the Rough Draft | |
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Assembling the Rough Draft from Notes | |
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Assembling the Rough Draft on a Word Processor | |
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Style and Usage: “To Whom Am I Speaking” or “Who Am I Speaking To?” | |
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Developing Good Working Habits | |
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Strategies for Introductions and Conclusions | |
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Avoiding the Bad Habits of Academic Writers: An Editor’s Advice | |
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Revising the Rough Draft | |
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Guidelines for Revision | |
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Using the Topic Outline as a Guide to Revision | |
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Generating a Sentence Outline While Revising the Rough Draft | |
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Examples of Outlines Used in Revision | |
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Revising to Improve the Argumentative Focus | |
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The Hook Paragraph Transition | |
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Other Types of Transition | |
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Adjusting the Length of Paragraphs | |
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A Sample Revision | |
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Revising as Self-Criticism | |
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Editing | |
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Collaboration in Editing | |
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Criteria for Editing | |
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Edit for Coherence | |
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Three Common Mistakes That Destroy Coherence | |
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Edit for Conciseness | |
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Punctuate for Clarity | |
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Proofread for Mechanical Errors | |
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Use Global Searches to Edit Details | |
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Special Problems in Research Writing | |
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Trying to Do Too Much | |
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Special Problems in Finding Sources | |
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Copyright Law and the Ethics of Research | |
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Mechanics | |
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All Formats: General Appearance | |
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MLA Format Mechanics | |
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APA Format Mechanics: Differences from MLA Format | |
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CBE Format Mechanics: Differences from MLA Format In each chapter: Quick View Exercises | |
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Glossary | |
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Credits | |
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Index | |