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Foreword | |
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Preface | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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About the Authors | |
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Introduction to Electrical Control--The Development of Circuits | |
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Transformers and Power Supplies | |
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Control Transformers | |
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Transformer Regulation | |
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Temperature Rise in a Transformer | |
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Operating Transformers in Parallel | |
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Constant Voltage Regulators | |
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Uninterruptible Power Systems | |
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Fuses, Disconnect Switches, and Circuit Breakers | |
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Protective Factors | |
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Fuse Construction and Operation | |
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Fuse Types | |
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Peak Let-Thru Current (I[subscript p]) and Ampere Squared Seconds (I[superscript 2]t) | |
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Voltage and Frequency Surges | |
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Circuit Breaker Types | |
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Programmable Motor Protection | |
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Electrical Metering and Voltage Protection | |
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Selecting Protective Devices | |
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Control Units for Switching and Communication | |
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Oil-Tight Units | |
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Push-Button Switches | |
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Selector Switches | |
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Heavy-Duty Switches | |
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Indicating Lights | |
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General Information on Oil-Tight Units | |
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Circuit Applications | |
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Annunciators | |
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Light-Emitting Diodes | |
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Membrane Switches | |
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Liquid Crystal Displays | |
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Relays | |
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Control Relays and Their Uses | |
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Timing Relays | |
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Latching Relays | |
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Plug-In Relays | |
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Contactors | |
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Solenoids | |
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Solenoid Action | |
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Solenoid Force and Voltage | |
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Low Voltage | |
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Overvoltage | |
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ac Solenoids on dc | |
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dc Solenoids on ac | |
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50- and 60-Cycle Solenoids | |
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Solenoid Temperature Rise | |
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Circuit Applications | |
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Variable Solenoids | |
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Proportional Valves | |
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Servo Valves | |
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Types of Control | |
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Open-Loop Control | |
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Closed-Loop Control | |
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Proportional Control | |
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Proportional-Integral | |
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Proportional-Integral-Derivative | |
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Motion Control Devices | |
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Importance of Position Indication and Control | |
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Limit Switches--Mechanical | |
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Limit Switch Symbols | |
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Circuit Applications | |
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Proximity Limit Switches | |
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LED Indicators | |
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Solid-State Outputs | |
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Detection Range | |
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Hysteresis | |
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Attenuation Range | |
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Speed | |
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Magnet-Operated Limit Switch | |
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Vane Switches | |
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Linear Position Displacement Transducers | |
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Angular Position Displacement Transducers | |
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Use of ac Synchronous and dc Stepping Motors | |
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Servo Positioning Control | |
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Sensing Theory | |
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Flow Sensors | |
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Pressure Control | |
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Importance of Pressure Indication and Control | |
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Types of Pressure Switches | |
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Circuit Applications | |
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Temperature Control | |
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Importance of Temperature Indication and Control | |
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Selection of Temperature Controllers | |
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Electronic Temperature Controller (Pyrometer) | |
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Controller Outputs | |
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Additional Terms | |
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Temperature Switches (Thermostats) | |
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Temperature Sensors | |
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Circuit Applications | |
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Time Control | |
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Selected Operations | |
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Types of Timers | |
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Synchronous Motor-Driven Timers | |
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Solid-State Timers | |
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Circuit Applications | |
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Count Control | |
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Preset Electrical Impulses | |
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Circuit Applications | |
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Solid-State Counters | |
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Control Circuits | |
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Placement of Components in a Control Circuit | |
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Control Circuit Examples | |
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Motors | |
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ac Motors--Theory of Operation | |
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Polyphase Squirrel-Cage Induction Motors | |
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Single-Phase Motors | |
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Resistance Split-Phase Motors | |
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Capacitor Start Motors | |
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Permanent Split-Capacitor Motors | |
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Shaded-Pole Motors | |
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dc Motors | |
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Brushless dc Motors | |
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Motor Starters | |
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Contacts and Overload Relays | |
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Across-the-Line (Full-Voltage) Starters | |
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Reversing Motor Starters | |
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Multispeed Motor Starters | |
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Additional Across-the-Line Starter Circuits | |
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Reduced-Voltage Motor Starters | |
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Solid-State Motor Starters | |
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Starting Sequence | |
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Introduction to Programmable Controllers | |
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Primary Concepts in Solid-State Control | |
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Introduction to Programmable Logic Controllers | |
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Programmable Logic Controller Concepts | |
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Input/Output (I/O) | |
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Processor | |
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Memory | |
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Power Supplies | |
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Programming | |
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Examine On/Examine Off | |
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Peripheral and Support Devices | |
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Data Communication Highway | |
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Converting from Relay Logic to PLC | |
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PLC Application in Industry | |
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Industrial Data Communications | |
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Overview | |
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Industrial Information Technology Architecture | |
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Data Communications Network Concepts | |
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Data Transmission | |
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Industrial Data Highway | |
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Network Topologies | |
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Industrial Networks | |
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Ethernet and the Information Highway | |
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Transmission Media | |
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Data Transfer Rate | |
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Interference | |
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Open Systems Versus Proprietary Systems | |
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Network Layers | |
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Typical Network Systems | |
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Quality Control | |
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Defining Quality and Quality Control | |
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Electrical and Electronic Circuits Used in Quality Control | |
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Quality Achieved Through Machine and Process Monitoring | |
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Process Tolerance (Standards) | |
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Information Systems | |
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Maintaining Quality | |
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Safety | |
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Worker Safety | |
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Machine Safety | |
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Diagnostic Systems | |
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Machine Safety Circuit | |
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Programmable Controllers in Safety | |
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Other Safety Conditions | |
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Troubleshooting | |
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Safety First | |
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Analyzing the Problem | |
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Major Trouble Spots | |
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Equipment for Troubleshooting | |
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Motors | |
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Troubleshooting a Complete Control Circuit | |
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Troubleshooting the Programmable Logic Circuit | |
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Electronic Troubleshooting Hints | |
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Designing Control Systems for Easy Maintenance | |
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Design Considerations | |
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Diagrams and Layouts | |
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Locating, Assembling, and Installing Components | |
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Summary of Electrical Symbols | |
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Units of Measurement | |
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Rules of Thumb | |
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Horsepower Versus Amperes | |
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Horsepower Revolutions per Minute--Torque | |
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Shaft Size--Horsepower--Revolutions per Minute | |
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Electrical Formulas | |
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Use of Electrical Codes and Standards | |
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Major Goals | |
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Recent Development of the NFPA 79 Standard | |
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Tables | |
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Application of Electric Heat | |
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Calculating Heat Requirements | |
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Selection and Application of Heating Elements | |
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Heating Element Control Circuits | |
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Heating Element Connection Diagrams | |
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Power Factor Correction | |
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Apparent Power and Actual Power | |
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Magnetizing Current and Power Current | |
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Determining the Amount of Correction Required | |
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Typical Capacitor Design Features | |
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Concepts Used in Programmable and Solid-State Controllers | |
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Number System | |
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Logic Gate Symbols and Circuits | |
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Symbols (IEEE STD. 91-1973--ANSI Y32, 14-1973; Distinctive Shape Used) | |
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Circuit Applications | |
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Selecting a Transformer | |
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Glossary | |
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Index | |