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| Preface | |
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| Reviewers | |
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| Procedure Icons | |
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| Introduction to Phlebotomy | |
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| The History of Phlebotomy | |
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| Bloodletting Devices and Methods | |
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| Phlebotomy Education and Certification | |
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| Phlebotomist's Responsibilities | |
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| The Phlebotomist as Part of the Health Care Team | |
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| Hospital Personnel | |
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| Laboratory Personnel | |
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| Law and Ethics | |
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| Civil Law | |
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| Criminal Law | |
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| Preventive Law | |
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| Ethics | |
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| OSHA and CLIA | |
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| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) | |
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| Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) | |
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| Quality Assurance--Quality Control | |
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| Risk Management | |
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| Medical Terminology | |
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| Introduction: The Language of Medicine | |
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| Word Roots | |
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| Combining Forms | |
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| Prefixes | |
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| Suffixes | |
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| Abbreviations--Medical Laboratory | |
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| Anatomy and Physiology | |
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| Introduction to the Human Body | |
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| Anatomic Position | |
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| Directional Terms | |
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| Planes and Body Sections | |
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| Body Cavities | |
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| Nine Regions of the Abdominopelvic Cavity | |
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| Body Functions | |
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| Body Organization | |
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| Cells | |
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| Tissues | |
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| Organs | |
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| Skeletal System | |
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| Function | |
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| Structures | |
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| Disorders | |
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| Diagnostic Tests | |
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| Muscular System | |
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| Nervous System | |
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| Integumentary System | |
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| Digestive System | |
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| Endocrine System | |
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| Urinary System | |
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| Lymphatic System--Immune System | |
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| Reproductive System | |
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| Respiratory System | |
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| Cardiovascular System | |
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| The Heart | |
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| The Blood Vessels and Circulation | |
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| The Blood | |
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| Coagulation/Hemostasis | |
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| Blood Type | |
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| Infection Control--Safety Procedures | |
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| The Infection Cycle | |
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| Breaking the Chain of Infection | |
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| Isolation Procedures | |
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| Universal Precautions Versus Body Substance Isolation Versus Standard Precautions | |
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| Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) | |
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| Gloves | |
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| Masks, Respiratory Protection, Protective Eye Wear, Face Shields | |
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| Protective Apparel | |
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| Handwashing | |
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| Medical/Surgical Asepsis | |
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| Sterile Techniques | |
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| Opening a Sterile Package | |
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| Laboratory Safety | |
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| Laboratory Hazards | |
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| Biological Hazards | |
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| Sharps | |
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| Chemical, Electrical, and Radioactive Hazards | |
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| Blood-Borne Pathogens--OSHA Regulations | |
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| Prevention of Occupational Exposure | |
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| Personal Exposure Control Plan | |
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| Follow-Up Treatment | |
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| Precautions Taken During Follow-Up Period | |
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| Documentation | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Laboratory Requisition Forms | |
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| Computer Requisition Forms | |
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| Manual Requisition Forms | |
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| Generalities of Laboratory Requisition Forms | |
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| Transmission of Laboratory Requisition Forms | |
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| Client/Patient Charting | |
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| Insurance Billing/Private Pay | |
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| Payment for Services Rendered | |
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| Health Care Revisions | |
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| Billing the Insurance Company | |
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| Laboratory Computer | |
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| Laboratory Information Management Systems (LIMS) | |
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| Vital Signs | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Pulse | |
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| Respirations | |
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| Characteristics of Respiration | |
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| Temperature | |
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| Thermometers | |
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| Aural/Tympanic Membrane Thermometers | |
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| Blood Pressure | |
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| Measuring Blood Pressure | |
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| Electrocardiography | |
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| Introduction | |
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| History of Electrocardiography | |
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| Review of the Anatomy and Physiology of the Heart | |
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| Types of Circulation | |
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| The Cardiac Cycle | |
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| Electrical Conduction of the Heart | |
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| Electrophysiology of the Heart | |
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| 12-Lead ECG Machine | |
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| ECG Tracings | |
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| Waves, Segments, Intervals, and Complexes | |
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| Heart Rate Calculation | |
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| The Lead System | |
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| Lead Placement | |
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| Performing an ECG | |
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| ECG Equipment | |
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| Care of the Equipment | |
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| Patient Preparation | |
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| Mounting Single-Channel ECG Tracings | |
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| Artifacts | |
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| Special Circumstances | |
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| Identifying Cardiac Rhythms | |
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| Sinus Rhythm--Basic Arrhythmias | |
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| Atrial Arrhythmias | |
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| Junctional Rhythms--Advanced Arrhythmia | |
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| Ventricular Rhythms | |
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| Other Malignant Arrhythmias | |
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| Blood Collection Equipment and Supplies | |
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| General Blood Collection Equipment and Supplies | |
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| Gloves | |
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| Goggles | |
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| Antiseptics | |
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| Gauze Pads | |
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| Bandages | |
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| Needle Disposal Equipment | |
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| Capillary Puncture Equipment and Supplies | |
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| Lancets | |
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| Spring-Loaded Puncture Devices | |
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| Microhematocrit Tubes | |
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| Clay Sealer Trays | |
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| Microcollection Systems | |
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| Venipuncture Equipment and Supplies | |
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| Syringe | |
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| Butterfly Collection Device | |
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| Tourniquets | |
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| Evacuated Tubes | |
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| Blood-Drawing Trays | |
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| Blood-Drawing Chair | |
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| Arterial Blood Gas Equipment and Supplies | |
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| General Supplies | |
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| Prepackaged Arterial Blood Gas Kits | |
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| Collection by Capillary Puncture | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Phlebotomist Preparation--Assembling and Preparing Equipment | |
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| Client/Patient Identification and Preparation | |
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| Site Identification | |
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| Fingertips | |
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| Heel and Toes | |
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| Performing the Puncture | |
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| Finger Stick | |
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| Heel Stick | |
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| Processing the Specimen | |
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| Order of Draw | |
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| Microcollection Containers | |
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| Blood Smears | |
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| Collection by Routine Venipuncture | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Phlebotomist Preparation--Assembling and Preparing Equipment | |
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| Client/Patient Identification and Preparation | |
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| Sequence of Venipuncture Procedure | |
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| Site Identification | |
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| Application of Tourniquet | |
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| Cleansing the Venipuncture Site | |
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| Performing the Puncture | |
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| Specimen Identification and Tube Labeling | |
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| Failure to Obtain Blood and Other Considerations | |
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| Collapsed Vein | |
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| Damaged or Occluded Veins | |
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| Obesity | |
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| Incorrect Needle and/or Tube Position | |
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| Other Considerations Regarding Routine Venipuncture | |
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| Specimen Integrity--Quality Assurance | |
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| Processing a Blood Specimen | |
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| Stopper Removal | |
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| Separation of Plasma and Serum | |
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| Specimen Rejection | |
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| Prioritizing Patients | |
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| Complications of Blood Collection | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Accidental Artery Puncture | |
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| Allergic Response | |
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| Collapsed Vein | |
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| Excessive Bleeding at the Site | |
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| Fainting--Seizures | |
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| Hematoma | |
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| Nerve Damage | |
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| Uncooperative Patient | |
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| Specialized Phlebotomy Techniques | |
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| Pediatric Collection | |
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| Restraining the Child Patient | |
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| Arterial Blood Gases | |
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| Selection of Arterial Puncture Site | |
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| Equipment and Supplies | |
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| Preparation and Procedure | |
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| Complications of Arterial Punctures | |
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| Errors and Specimen Rejection | |
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| Blood Cultures | |
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| Collection of Nonblood Specimens | |
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| Throat Cultures | |
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| Fecal (Stool) Specimens | |
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| Semen Specimens | |
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| Gastrointestinal Secretions, Amniotic Fluid, Cerebrospinal Fluid, and Nasopharyngeal Specimens | |
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| Urine | |
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| Blood Donor Collections | |
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| Autologous Blood Donation | |
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| Intraoperative Blood Collection | |
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| Special Situations | |
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| Indwelling Catheters | |
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| Point-of-Care Testing and Other Laboratory Tests | |
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| History of Point-of-Care Testing | |
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| Reference Value Range | |
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| Calibration of Equipment | |
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| Hematocrit | |
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| Hemoglobin | |
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| Blood Glucose | |
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| Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) | |
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| Cholesterol | |
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| Coagulation Monitoring | |
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| Activated Coagulation Time (ACT) | |
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| Prothrombin Time (PT) | |
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| Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) and Activated Partial Thomboplastin Time (APTT) | |
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| Bleeding Time | |
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| Chemistry Panels | |
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| Blood Gases | |
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| Electrolytes | |
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| Blood Urea Nitrogen | |
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| Collection of Toxicology Specimens | |
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| Blood Alcohol Level and Forensic Specimens | |
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| Collection of Drug Testing Specimens | |
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| Therapeutic Drug Monitoring | |
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| Paternity Testing | |
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| Skin Tests | |
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| Fecal Occult Blood Test | |
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| Pregnancy Test | |
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| Rapid Strep Test | |
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| Urinalysis--Physical and Chemical Examination | |
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| Reagent Pads | |
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| Professional Communication Skills | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Professionalism | |
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| Verbal and Nonverbal Communication | |
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| Verbal Communication | |
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| Nonverbal Communication | |
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| Learning to Be a Good Listener | |
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| Other Considerations in Health Care Communication | |
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| Barriers to Effective Communication | |
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| Telephone and Computer Communication | |
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| Cultural Diversity | |
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| Death and Dying | |
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| Stages of Grieving | |
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| Keeping the Health Care Provider Healthy | |
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| Time Management | |
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| Stress Management | |
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| Problem Solving | |
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| Client/Patient Customer Service | |
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| Employment Skills | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Marketing Plan | |
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| Product Analysis | |
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| Identifying Your Skills or Market Value | |
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| Market Analysis | |
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| Organizing Your Job Search | |
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| Researching the Company/Organization | |
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| Networking | |
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| Generating Job Leads | |
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| Responding to Advertised Positions | |
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| Product Presentation | |
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| Presenting a Professional Image | |
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| Writing the Perfect Resume | |
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| Cover Letter | |
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| Completing the Employment Application | |
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| Interviewing | |
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| Follow-Up | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Resources | |
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| Index | |