| |
| |
Preface | |
| |
| |
Contributing Authors | |
| |
| |
| |
Development and Care of the Fetus: Conception to Birth | |
| |
| |
| |
Embryological Development of the Cardiopulmonary System | |
| |
| |
Embryologic Development of the Fetus | |
| |
| |
Development of the Pulmonary System | |
| |
| |
Surface Forces and the Role of Surfactant | |
| |
| |
Fetal Lung Fluid | |
| |
| |
Development of the Cardiovascular System | |
| |
| |
Fetal Circulation | |
| |
| |
The Development of Baroreceptors and Chemoreceptors | |
| |
| |
Development and Function of Intrauterine Structures | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
Assessment of Fetal Growth and Development | |
| |
| |
Modalities to Assess Fetal Status | |
| |
| |
Estimating the delivery Date | |
| |
| |
Biophysical Tests of Fetal Well-Being | |
| |
| |
Factors Identifying a High-Risk Pregnancy | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
Labor, Delivery, and Physiological Changes After Birth | |
| |
| |
Parturition | |
| |
| |
Stages of Normal Labor and delivery | |
| |
| |
Abnormal Labor and Delivery | |
| |
| |
Adaptation to Extrauterine Life | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
Care of the Neonatal and Pediatric Patient | |
| |
| |
| |
Techniques of Resuscitation and Stabilization | |
| |
| |
Overview | |
| |
| |
When to Resuscitate | |
| |
| |
Standard Precautions | |
| |
| |
Steps in a Resuscitation | |
| |
| |
Management of Serum Glucose | |
| |
| |
Obtaining Umbilical Vessel Blood Samples During Resuscitation | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
Assessment of the Neonatal and Pediatric Patient | |
| |
| |
Anatomic and Physiologic Considerations | |
| |
| |
Physical Assessment of the Neonate | |
| |
| |
Physical Assessment of the Pediatric Patient | |
| |
| |
Neonatal and Pediatric Pulmonary Function Testing (PFT) | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
Respiratory Care Procedures | |
| |
| |
Airway Clearance | |
| |
| |
Aerosolized Drug Therapy | |
| |
| |
Suctioning | |
| |
| |
Oxygen Therapy | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
General Considerations of Continuing Care | |
| |
| |
Thermoregulation | |
| |
| |
Developmental Needs of the High-Risk Neonate | |
| |
| |
Skin Care of the Premature Neonate | |
| |
| |
Fluid and Electrolyte Balance | |
| |
| |
Neonatal Jaundice | |
| |
| |
Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
Pharmacology in Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
Placental Drug Transfer | |
| |
| |
Neonatal and Pediatric Pharmokinetics | |
| |
| |
Medications | |
| |
| |
Cardiovascular Medications | |
| |
| |
Effects of Maternal Drug Abuse on the Fetus | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
Assessment of Oxygenation and Ventilation | |
| |
| |
The Basics | |
| |
| |
Arterial Blood Gas Analysis | |
| |
| |
Arterial Blood Gas Assessment | |
| |
| |
Transcutaneous Monitoring | |
| |
| |
Pulse Oximetry | |
| |
| |
Capnography/Capnometry | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
Causes and Care of Illness in Perinatal and Pediatric Patients | |
| |
| |
| |
Perinatal Lung Disease and Other Problems of Prematurity | |
| |
| |
Consequences of Premature Birth | |
| |
| |
Processes of Intrauterine Origin | |
| |
| |
Barotraumatic Diseases: Air Leak Syndromes | |
| |
| |
Other Respiratory Diseases of the Neonate | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
Causes of Persistent Perinatal Illness | |
| |
| |
Infections | |
| |
| |
Fetal Immunities | |
| |
| |
Congenital Anomalies | |
| |
| |
Respiratory Care of the Patient with Cardiac Defects | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
Pediatric Diseases Requiring Respiratory Care | |
| |
| |
Ventilatory Diseases | |
| |
| |
Neuromuscular Disorders | |
| |
| |
Infectious Lung Diseases | |
| |
| |
Diseases of the Upper Airways | |
| |
| |
Inhalation of Noxious Gases | |
| |
| |
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
Interpretation of Chest X-Rays | |
| |
| |
Basic Concepts | |
| |
| |
Method of Interpretation | |
| |
| |
Radiographic Findings in Neonatal Lung Pathology | |
| |
| |
Radiographic Findings in Pediatric Lung Pathology | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
Management of Ventilation and Oxygenation | |
| |
| |
| |
Concepts of Mechanical Ventilation | |
| |
| |
Goals of Mechanical Ventilation | |
| |
| |
Definitions | |
| |
| |
Clinical Applications | |
| |
| |
Pressure-Volume Relationships (Compliance) | |
| |
| |
Pressure-Flow Relationships (Resistance) | |
| |
| |
Time Constants (Kt) | |
| |
| |
| |
Management of the Patient-Ventilator System | |
| |
| |
Indications for Ventilatory Support of the Neonate and Child | |
| |
| |
Modes of Mechanical Ventilation | |
| |
| |
Partial Ventilatory Support (PVS) | |
| |
| |
Full Ventilatory Support | |
| |
| |
Setting Initial Ventilator Parameters | |
| |
| |
Volume Versus Pressure-Controlled Ventilation | |
| |
| |
Changing Ventilator Parameters in Volume and Pressure Ventilation | |
| |
| |
Hazards of Mechanical Ventilation and How to Avoid Them | |
| |
| |
Weaning and Extubation | |
| |
| |
Neonatal Patient | |
| |
| |
Pediatric Patient | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
Common Ventilators and Monitors | |
| |
| |
Common Neonatal Ventilators | |
| |
| |
Ventilator Monitors | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
Special Procedures and Ventilatory Techniques | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
Surfactant Replacement Therapy | |
| |
| |
High-Frequency Ventilation (HFV) | |
| |
| |
Specialty Medical Gases | |
| |
| |
Extracorporeal Life Support (ECLS) | |
| |
| |
Partial Liquid Ventilation (PLV) | |
| |
| |
Negative Pressure Ventilation (NPV) | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
Transport, Home Care, and Care of the Parents | |
| |
| |
| |
Perinatal Transport | |
| |
| |
History | |
| |
| |
Types of Transport | |
| |
| |
Personnel | |
| |
| |
Equipment | |
| |
| |
Infant Preparation and Transportation | |
| |
| |
Special Needs | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
Home Care | |
| |
| |
Overview | |
| |
| |
Patient Selection | |
| |
| |
Home Care of the Ventilator-Dependent Child | |
| |
| |
Home Aerosol Therapy | |
| |
| |
Chest Physiotherapy and Suctioning | |
| |
| |
Apnea Monitoring | |
| |
| |
Oxygen Therapy | |
| |
| |
Discharge Planning | |
| |
| |
Discharge | |
| |
| |
The Effects of Home Care on the Family | |
| |
| |
Failure of Home Care | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
Care of the Parents | |
| |
| |
Overview | |
| |
| |
Bonding | |
| |
| |
Causes of Parental Stress | |
| |
| |
Understanding Grief | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
Clinical Case Studies | |
| |
| |
Clinical Case Study 1 | |
| |
| |
Clinical Case Study 2 | |
| |
| |
Clinical Case Study 3 | |
| |
| |
Clinical Case Study 4 | |
| |
| |
Clinical Case Study 5 | |
| |
| |
Clinical Case Study 6 | |
| |
| |
Clinical Case Study 7 | |
| |
| |
Clinical Case Study 8 | |
| |
| |
Clinical Case Study 9 | |
| |
| |
Clinical Case Study 10 | |
| |
| |
Appendix A | |
| |
| |
Appendix B | |
| |
| |
Appendix C | |
| |
| |
Appendix D | |
| |
| |
Appendix E | |
| |
| |
Appendix F | |
| |
| |
Appendix G | |
| |
| |
Appendix H | |
| |
| |
Appendix I | |
| |
| |
Glossary | |
| |
| |
Index | |