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| Preface | |
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| An Overview of Telecommunications | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| What is Telecommunication? | |
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| History of Telecommunications | |
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| History of Telecommunications Technologies | |
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| History of the Telecommunications Industry | |
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| Telecommunications Networks | |
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| Internet | |
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| Classification of Data Networks | |
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| Classification by Spatial Distance | |
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| Classification by Topology | |
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| Classification by Ownership | |
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| Classification by Switching Technology | |
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| Classification by Computing Model | |
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| Classification by Type of Information | |
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| Telecommunications Standards | |
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| International Standards Organizations | |
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| National Regulatory and Standards Organizations | |
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| European Standards Organizations | |
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| De facto Standards | |
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| Challenges of Telecommunication Technologies | |
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| Careers in Telecommunications | |
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| Summary | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Electronics for Telecommunications | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Communications System Parameters | |
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| Type of Information | |
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| Bandwidth | |
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| Broadband versus Baseband | |
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| Synchronous versus Asynchronous | |
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| Simplex, Half-Duplex, and Full-Duplex | |
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| Serial versus Parallel | |
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| Analog versus Digital | |
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| Noise | |
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| Modulation | |
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| Fourier Theorem and Spectral Analysis | |
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| Amplitude Modulation (AM) | |
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| Frequency Modulation (FM) | |
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| Phase Modulation (PM) | |
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| Pulse Modulation | |
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| Multiplexing | |
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| Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) | |
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| Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) | |
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| Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) | |
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| Summary | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Transmission Media | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Copper Cables | |
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| Coaxial Cable | |
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| Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) | |
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| Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) | |
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| Attenuation in Copper Cables | |
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| International Cabling Specifications | |
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| Copper Versus Fiber | |
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| Fiber-Optic Cables | |
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| Fiber Construction and Types | |
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| Light Propagation through Fiber | |
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| Optical Sources and Detectors | |
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| Construction of a Fiber-Optic Cable | |
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| Joining Fibers | |
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| Transmission Impairments in Fiber-Optic Cables | |
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| Cabling Architecture | |
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| Structured Wiring | |
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| Cable Facilities Hardware | |
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| Cable Installation | |
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| Cable Tests | |
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| Summary | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Voice Communications | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Public Telephone Network | |
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| Switching Systems | |
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| Telecom Infrastructure | |
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| Telephone Cable Architecture | |
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| Line Conditioning | |
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| The Telephone | |
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| Analog versus Digital Telephones | |
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| Telephone Circuit and Speech Characteristics | |
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| Outgoing Call | |
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| Incoming Call | |
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| Line Signaling | |
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| Loop Start | |
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| Ground Start | |
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| Trunk Signaling | |
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| Single Frequency (SF) | |
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| EandM Signaling | |
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| Common Channel Signaling | |
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| Intelligent Network Services | |
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| Caller Identification | |
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| Automatic Call Distribution (ACD) for Businesses | |
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| Voice Processing Systems for Businesses | |
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| Business Telephone Systems | |
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| Telephone Lines | |
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| Private Branch Exchange (PBX) | |
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| Centrex | |
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| Virtual PBX Service | |
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| Network Design Parameters | |
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| Grade of Service | |
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| Estimated Traffic | |
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| Network Design | |
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| Converged Networks | |
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| Summary | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Wireless Communications | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Cellular Mobile Telephone System | |
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| Cellular Topology | |
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| Analog Versus Digital Access | |
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| Analog Access | |
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| Digital Access | |
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| Wireless Applications and Products | |
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| Wireless Lans (Wlans) | |
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| Microwave LANS | |
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| Radio LANS | |
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| Infrared LANS | |
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| Broadband Wireless Systems | |
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| Satellite Communications | |
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| Satellite Earth Station | |
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| Geosynchronous Satellite (GEO) | |
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| Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) Satellites | |
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| International Wireless Communications | |
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| UMTS and IMT-2000 | |
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| Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) | |
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| Summary | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Data Communications | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Evolution of Data Networks | |
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| Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) Model | |
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| Physical Layer | |
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| Data Link Layer | |
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| Network Layer | |
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| Transport Layer | |
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| Session Layer | |
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| Presentation Layer | |
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| Application Layer | |
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| Character Codes | |
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| ASCII | |
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| Data Coding Methods | |
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| Non-Return to Zero Level (NRZ-L) | |
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| Bipolar Alternate Mark Inversions (Bipolar AMI) | |
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| Bipolar with 8 Zero Substitution (B8ZS) | |
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| Manchester Encoding | |
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| 2 Binary 1 Quaternary | |
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| Data Compression | |
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| Run-Length Encoding | |
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| Huffman Code | |
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| Error Detection and Correction | |
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| Parity Checking | |
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| Longitudinal Redundancy Check (LRC) | |
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| Hamming Code | |
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| Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) | |
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| Data Link Protocols | |
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| High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) | |
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| OSI Model Implemented in LANs | |
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| Client/Server | |
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| Lan Access Method | |
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| Token Passing | |
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| Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) | |
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| Lan Technologies | |
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| Token Bus | |
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| Token Ring | |
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| Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) | |
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| Ethernet | |
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| Internetworking | |
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| Repeaters | |
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| Bridges | |
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| Switches | |
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| Routers | |
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| Gateways | |
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| Channel Service Unit (CSU)/Digital Service Unit (DSU) | |
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| Trunking | |
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| Summary | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Wide Area Network and Broadband Technologies | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Packet Switching Networks | |
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| X.25 | |
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| Frame Relay | |
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| Advantages of Frame Relay | |
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| Switched Multimegabit Data Service (SMDS) | |
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| Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) | |
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| Advantages and Disadvantages of ISDN | |
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| Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) | |
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| STS-1 Transmission Rate | |
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| Advantages of SONET | |
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| SONET Protocol | |
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| STS-1 Frame Structure | |
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| Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) | |
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| ATM Layer and Cell Format | |
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| ATM and QoS | |
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| Advantages of ATM | |
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| Drawbacks of ATM | |
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| ATM Standards | |
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| Gigabit Ethernet versus ATM in LAN Backbone | |
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| Packet Over SONET (PoS) | |
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| Dynamic Synchronous Transfer Mode (DTM) | |
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| Residential or Small Business Access Technologies | |
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| Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) | |
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| Cable Modems (CMs) | |
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| ATM-Passive Optical Network (ATM-PON) | |
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| Summary | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Internet and Converged Networks | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| TCP/IP Model | |
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| Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) | |
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| User Datagram Protocol (UDP) | |
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| Internet Protocol (IP) | |
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| IP Version 4 (IPv4) Addressing | |
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| IP Version 6 (IPv6) | |
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| TCP/IP-based Applications and Standards | |
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| TCP Via Satellite | |
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| Internet 2 (12) | |
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| SNA Versus TCP/IP | |
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| Virtual Private Network (VPN) | |
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| VPN Protocols | |
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| Intranet and Extranet | |
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| Converged Networks | |
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| Voice Over IP (VoIP) | |
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| PSTN and IP Internetworking | |
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| VoIP Protocols | |
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| VoIP Call Process | |
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| IP QoS | |
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| Voice Over Frame Relay (VoFR) | |
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| Voice Over ATM | |
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| Summary | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Network Management | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Policy Management | |
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| Evaluation of Network Hardware and Software | |
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| Network Hardware | |
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| Network Software | |
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| Network Administration and Maintenance | |
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| Network Security | |
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| Security Threats | |
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| Security Policy | |
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| Security Measures | |
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| Security Provisions in a VPN | |
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| Configuration Management | |
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| Network Applications and Services | |
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| Network Attached Storage (NAS) | |
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| Network Application Software | |
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| Directory Services | |
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| Telecommunications Management Network | |
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| Summary | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Telecom Policy and Business Contracts | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Telecommunications Act of 1996 | |
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| Infrastructure for a Timely Deployment of Advanced Services | |
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| The Promotion of Competition | |
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| Universal Availability of Advanced Services | |
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| Regulation on Electronic Documents | |
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| Global Perspective | |
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| Intellectual Property | |
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| Global Intellectual Property Law | |
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| Telecom Policy Impact on Businesses | |
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| Global Market Competitiveness | |
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| Electronic Commerce | |
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| Service Level Agreement (SLA) | |
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| Need for a SLA | |
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| Selecting a Service Provider | |
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| Application Performance Evaluation | |
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| Network Performance Evaluation | |
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| SLA Clauses | |
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| SLA Negotiation | |
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| SLA Monitoring Tools | |
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| Implementing an SLA | |
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| Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) | |
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| Cost/Benefit Analysis | |
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| Net Value | |
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| TCO Applications | |
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| Summary | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Acronyms | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Index | |