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| The Heart's Conductive System | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Electrical Conduction System | |
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| The SinusNode | |
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| The AV Junction | |
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| The Bundle Branch System | |
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| The Purkinje Fibers | |
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| Electrophysiolgy Of The Heart | |
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| The Phases of the Cardiac Cycle | |
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| Properties of the Specialized Cells | |
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| Pacemakers, Escape Rhythms, and Ectopic Foci | |
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| Summary | |
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| Self Assessment | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The ECG Leads: A Point of View | |
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| Limb Leads | |
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| Precoridal (Chest) Leads | |
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| Monitoring the Posterior Surface of the Heart | |
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| MCL Leads | |
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| Hazards of Improper Placement of Leads | |
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| Summary | |
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| Self Assessment | |
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| Rate, Rhythm, and Wave Forms | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Calculating Rhythm | |
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| Wave Forms, Complexes, and Intervals | |
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| Waves | |
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| The PR Interval | |
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| QRS Complex | |
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| Segment | |
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| The T Wave | |
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| The QT Interval | |
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| The U Wave | |
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| Abnormal Wave Forms | |
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| Abnormal P Waves | |
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| Abnormal PR Interval | |
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| Abnormal QRS Complexes | |
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| Abnormal QT Interval | |
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| Abnormal U Waves | |
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| Alterations in ECG Wave Forms | |
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| Drug-induced Changes on the ECG | |
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| Hyperkalemia | |
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| Hypokalemia | |
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| Hypercalcemia | |
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| Hypocalcemia | |
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| Low Voltage QRS | |
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| Pericarditis | |
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| Pericardial Effusion | |
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| Ventricular Aneurysm | |
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| Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) | |
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| Increased Intracranial Pressure | |
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| Pulmonary Embolism | |
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| Summary | |
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| Self Evaluation | |
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| Axis Determination and Implications | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Normal Axis | |
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| Axis Deviation | |
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| Right Axis Deviation | |
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| Left Axis Deviation | |
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| Calculation of Axis | |
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| Normal and Abnormal Values | |
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| The Lewis Circle | |
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| Summary | |
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| Self Assessment | |
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| Sinus Rhythm and the Arrhythmias | |
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| Introduction | |
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| How to Look at and Analyze the Wave Forms | |
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| Labeling the ECG | |
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| How to Assess a Monitor Pattern | |
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| The Sinus Mechanisms | |
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| Sinus Tachycardia | |
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| Sinus Bradycardia | |
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| Sinus Arrhythmia | |
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| Sinus Arrest | |
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| Sinoatrial (SA) Block | |
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| The Junctional Mechanisms | |
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| Junctional Rhythm | |
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| Premature Junctional Complex | |
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| Accelerated Junctional Rhythm and Junctional Tachycardia | |
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| The Atrial Mechanisms | |
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| Premature Atrial Complex (PAC) | |
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| Atrial Tachycardia | |
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| Supraventricular Tachycardia | |
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| Atrial Flutter | |
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| Atrial Fibrillation | |
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| The Ventricular Mechanisms | |
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| Characteristics of a Ventricular Ectopic | |
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| Narrow Complex PVCs | |
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| Vriations in PVCs | |
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| Ventricular Tachycardia | |
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| Intermittent Ventricular Tachycardia | |
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| Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia | |
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| Ventricular Fibrillation | |
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| Ventricular Escape: Idioventricular Rhythm | |
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| Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm | |
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| Aberrant Ventricular Conduction | |
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| Aystole | |
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| A Conduction Defects | |
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| Sinus Rhythm with First-Degree AV Block | |
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| Sinus with second degree AV Block, The Intermittent Conduction Defects | |
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| Second-degree AV Block, The Wenckebach Phnomenon aka Type I AV Block | |
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| Second Degree AV Block with Wide QRS complex (Type II) | |
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| Second degree AV Block, AV Block with 2:1 Conduction as Fixed Rate Second Degree AV Block | |
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| Sinus with High-Grade (Advanced AV Block) | |
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| Sinus with Complete AV Block | |
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| Arrhythmias Due to Abnormal Conduction Pathways | |
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| The ECG Wave Forms Affected by Preexcitation | |
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| Degrees of Preexcitation | |
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| Arrhythmias with Preexcitation | |
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| Lown-Gannong-Levine Syndrome | |
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| Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) Syndrome | |
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| Summary | |
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| Self Assessment | |
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| Myocardial Perfusion Deficits and ECG Changes | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Coronary Artery Perfusion | |
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| Pathophysiology of Acute Myocardial Infarction | |
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| Consequences of Coronary Artery Occlusion | |
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| Montoring of Myocardial Ischemia, Injury, and Necrosis on the ECG | |
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| Reflecting and Reciprocal Leads | |
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| Changes in Wave Forms | |
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| Inferior Wall (Diaphragmatic) Myocardial Infarction | |
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| Clinical Implications of Inferior Wall Myocardial Infarction | |
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| Anterior Wall and Anterior-Septal Myocardial Infarction | |
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| Clinical Implications for Anterior Wall Myocardial Infarction | |
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| Antero-Septal Myocardial Infarction | |
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| Anterolateral Myocardial Infarction | |
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| Lateral Wall Myocardial Infarction | |
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| Clinical Implications of Lateral Wall Myocardial Infarction | |
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| Posterior Wall Myocardial Infarction | |
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| Clinical Implications for Posterior Wall Myocardial Infarction | |
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| Right Ventricular Myocardial Infarction | |
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| Clinical Implicat | |