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List of Tables, Maps, and Charts | |
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List of Illustrations | |
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Preface | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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The Beginnings of History and the Ancient Near East | |
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Human Origins and Prehistory | |
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The Shaping of the Past: The Agricultural Revolution | |
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The First Civilizations and the Earliest Evidence for Religion | |
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The Urban Revolution in Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley, and China | |
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Mesopotamia: Sumer, Akkad, Assyria, and Babylon | |
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Egypt: Politics, Religion, and Everyday Life | |
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Israel and the Religion of the Hebrews | |
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Human and Divine Law: Governing Human Behavior | |
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Conclusion | |
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Greece and the Mediterranean World, ca. 2000-350 BCE | |
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Early Greece | |
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The Shaping of the Greek Polis | |
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Persia and Greece | |
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Greece in the Classical Age | |
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The Shaping of the Past: The Peloponnesian Wars | |
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Classical Greek Culture (480-338 BCE) | |
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Conclusion | |
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The Hellenistic Age and the Rise of Rome, ca. 350-30 BCE | |
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Philip of Macedon, Alexander the Great, and the Hellenistic World | |
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The Division of Alexander's Empire | |
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The Shaping of the Past: Hellenistic Philosophy | |
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Hellenistic Science, Technology, and Medicine | |
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India in the Hellenistic Age | |
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Early Rome and the Shaping of the Roman Republic | |
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The Punic Wars and Overseas Expansion | |
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The Revolution of the Gracchi Brothers | |
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The Career of Caesar and the Collapse of the Roman Republic | |
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Conclusion | |
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The Roman Empire and the Enduring Legacy of the Ancient World, ca. 30 BCE-500 CE | |
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Augustus and Augustan Rome | |
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Hellenistic Judaism and the Dead Sea Scrolls | |
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The Shaping of the Past: The Life and Teachings of Jesus | |
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The Roman Empire to 284 CE | |
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The Han Empire of China | |
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Political and Economic Change and the Decline of the Roman Empire | |
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Social and Religious Change and the Decline of the Roman Empire | |
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The Fall of Rome | |
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The Continuation of the Eastern Empire | |
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Conclusion | |
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Early Christian Europe, Byzantium, and the Rise of Islam, ca. 410-750 | |
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The Spread of Christianity | |
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Eastern Versus Western Monasticism | |
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Political Decentralization After the Fall of the Roman Empire | |
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The Emergence of New Kingdoms in the West�Franks, Goths, and Lombards | |
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The Anglo-Saxons | |
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Justinian and Theodora | |
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Politics and Religion in the Byzantine Empire After Justinian | |
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Everyday Life in the Byzantine Empire | |
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The Shaping of the Past: The Life of Muhammad | |
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The Rise of Islam | |
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Conclusion | |
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The Shaping of Medieval Europe, ca. 750-1100 | |
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Charlemagne | |
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The Carolingian Renaissance and Everyday Life in Carolingian Times | |
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The Decline of the Carolingians and the Emergence of Feudal Traditions | |
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War, Invasion, and the Political Development of Medieval Europe | |
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Changing Religious Values | |
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The Shaping of the Past: Medieval Art and Romanesque Architecture | |
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Life and Society in the Ninth and Tenth Centuries | |
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The Mayan Civilization of Mesoamerica | |
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Conclusion | |
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The High Middle Ages, ca. 1000-1300 | |
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The Shaping of the Past: Agricultural Expansion and the Development of Urban Centers | |
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Society and Everyday Life in the High Middle Ages | |
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Political Leadership and Kingship in Sub-Saharan Africa and Europe | |
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Church and State in the High Middle Ages | |
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Historical Relations with the East-The Crusades | |
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Medieval Thought and Philosophy | |
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Medieval Art and Literature | |
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Conclusion | |
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The Crises of the Late Middle Ages, ca. 1300-1500 | |
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The Black Death | |
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Social Upheaval and Peasant Rebellion in Europe and China | |
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The Shaping of the Past: Military Transformation and the Hundred Years War | |
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Warfare and Political Change in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries | |
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Symptoms of Waning Authority in the Western Christian Church | |
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Reform Ideas, the Conciliar Movement, and Popular Christianity | |
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Conclusion | |
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The Renaissance, ca. 1350-1517 | |
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Signorial Rule in Milan and Northern Italy | |
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The Most Serene Republic of Venice | |
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Florence and Renaissance Society | |
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The Shaping of the Past: Petrarch and the Origins of Renaissance Humanism | |
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Humanism and the Dignity and Nobility of Humanity | |
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Humanism and the Northern Renaissance | |
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The Social Transformation of Art in Renaissance Italy | |
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The Social Transformation of Art in Northern Europe | |
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Ming China | |
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Conclusion | |
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The Beginnings of European Expansion, ca. 1400-1540 | |
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The Rise of Capitalism | |
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The Rise of Portugal and Spain | |
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Mesoamerican Civilizations: The Aztecs and the Incas | |
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The First Encounters of Columbus with Native Americans | |
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The Shaping of the Past: Cortes and the Conquest of Mexico | |
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Pizarro and the Conquest of Peru | |
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Other Examples of Expansion | |
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Conclusion | |
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The Protestant and Catholic Reformations | |
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The Shaping of the Past: Martin Luther's Break with the Church | |
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The Further Shaping of the Protestant Reformation | |
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Thomas Cranmer, Henry VTA, and the English Reformation | |
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Social Consequences of the Reformation | |
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The Reformation and the Jews | |
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The Inquisition and the Religious Legacy of Sixteenth-Century Spain | |
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The Catholic Counter-Reformation | |
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Politics and Religion in the Sixteenth Century | |
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Russia and the Eastern Orthodox Church | |
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Conclusion | |
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The Age of European Expansion, ca. 1550-1650 | |
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The Iberian Empires in Latin America | |
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The Erosion of Spanish Commercial Power and the Rise of the Dutch | |
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English Exploration and Expansion | |
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French Exploration and Expansion | |
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The Effects of European Colonization in North America | |
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European Expansion into Africa and the Slave Trade | |
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The Shaping of the Past: The Formation of the Dutch West India Company | |
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European Missionary Activity in the Far East | |
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The Effects of European Expansion in China and India | |
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Muscovite Expansion Through Siberia | |
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Japan in the Age of European Expansion | |
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Conclusion | |
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Absolutism and Political Revolution in the Seventeenth Century | |
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The Shaping of the Past: The Assassination of Henry IV and the Rise of French Absolutism | |
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Absolutism in France Under Louis XIV | |
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The Habsburgs in Spain and Austria | |
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Absolute Government in Prussia and Russia | |
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Absolute Government in East and West: Manchu China and Monarchical Europe | |
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The Shaping of the Past: The Execution of Charles I and the Struggle Against Absolute Government in Britain | |
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Political Conflict and Development in the Netherlands | |
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War and Political Consciousness in the Seventeenth Century | |
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Conclusion | |
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The Scientific Revolution and Changes in Thought and Society in the Seventeenth Century | |
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The Shaping of the Past: Copernicus's On the Revolution of the Heavenly Bodies and the Scientific Revolution | |
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Political Thought in the Seventeenth Century | |
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Art and Literature in the Seventeenth Century | |
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Everyday Life and Social Conditions in Seventeenth-Century Europe | |
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Early Modern India: Thought, Culture, and Social Change | |
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Conclusion | |
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Epilogue: The Shaping of the Past and the Challenge of the Future | |
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Index | |
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About the Author | |