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| Preface | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Preliminary Considerations | |
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| Distinctions Between Interviews and Interrogations | |
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| Characteristics of an Interview | |
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| Characteristics of an Interrogation | |
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| Benefits of Conducting an Interview Before an Interrogation | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Obtaining and Evaluating Factual Information | |
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| Developing the Case Facts | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Case Solution Possibilities | |
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| Evaluating Possible Motives | |
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| Evaluating Characteristics of the Crime | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Initial Precautionary Measures for the Protection of the Innocent | |
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| Eyewitness Identifications and Motivations for False Accusations | |
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| Repressed Memories | |
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| Intent Issues | |
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| Circumstantial Evidence | |
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| Privacy and the Interview Room | |
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| Privacy | |
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| Minimize Reminders of Consequences | |
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| Suggestions for Setting Up the Interview Room | |
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| Qualifications, Attitude, and General Conduct of the Investigator | |
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| Interviewer Qualifications | |
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| Initial Interview Procedures | |
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| Investigator Demeanor During an Interview | |
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| Interviewing Approaches for Difficult Suspects | |
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| Interrogator Qualifications | |
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| Investigator Conduct During an Interrogation | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Interviewing Techniques | |
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| Preparation and Starting the Interview | |
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| Formal Versus Informal Interviews | |
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| Arranging the Formal Interview | |
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| Preparing for the Interview | |
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| Establishing Rapport | |
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| The Use of an Introductory Statement | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Formulating Interview Questions | |
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| Asking an Initial Open Question | |
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| Asking Direct Questions | |
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| Asking Follow-Up Questions | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Behavior Symptom Analysis | |
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| Overview | |
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| Underlying Principles of Behavior Symptom Analysis | |
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| Evaluating the Subject's Attitudes | |
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| Evaluation of Verbal Behavior | |
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| Evaluation of Paralinguistic Behavior | |
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| Evaluation of Nonverbal Behavior | |
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| Precautions when Evaluating Behavior Symptoms of Truthful and Untruthful Subjects | |
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| Initial Assessment of the Subject | |
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| Behaviors Common to Both Truthful and Deceptive Subjects | |
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| Factors That May Lead to Misinterpretation of Behavior Symptoms | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| The Behavior Analysis Interview | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Behavior Analysis Interview | |
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| Response Models for Behavior-Provoking Questions | |
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| Actual Case Presentation | |
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| Analysing the Suspect's Responses | |
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| The Use of Specialized Questioning Techniques | |
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| The Use of the Baiting Technique | |
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| Other Specialized Questioning Techniques | |
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| Interrogation Techniques | |
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| The Reid Nine Steps of Interrogation� | |
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| General Classification of Offenders | |
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| Brief Analysis of the Nine Steps of Interrogation | |
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| Preliminary Preparations for Applying the Nine Steps | |
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| Step 1-Direct, Positive Confrontation | |
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| Step 2-Theme Development | |
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| Step 3-Handling Details | |
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| Step 4-Overcoming Objections | |
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| Step 5-Procurement and Retention of a Suspect's Attention | |
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| Step 6-Handling the Suspect's Passive Mood | |
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| Step 7-Presenting an Alternative Question | |
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| Step 8-Having the Suspect Orally Relate Various Details of the Offense | |
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| Step 9-Converting an Oral Confession into a Written Confession | |
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| Recommendations for Interrogators | |
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| The Exercise of Patience and Persistence | |
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| Interrogation of Witnesses and Other Prospective Informants | |
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| Distinguishing Between True and False Confessions | |
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| Categories of False Confessions | |
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| Confession Voluntariness | |
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| Confession Treastwarthiness | |
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| Confession Combination | |
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| Interrogation Research | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| The Issue of False Confessions in the Courtroom-The Testimony of Expert Witnesses | |
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| The Issue of False Confessions in the Courtroom-Court Decisions | |
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| Testifying on a Confession | |
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| Testimony Preparation | |
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| The Court's View of the Witness | |
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| The Witness's Behavioral Responses to Questions | |
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| Direct Testimony | |
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| Cross-Examination | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Interrogation and Confession Law | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Constitutional Rights | |
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| Permissible Interrogation Techniques | |
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| Summary | |
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| The Behavior Analysis Interview in a Homicide Case | |
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| Index | |