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| Preface to the First Edition | |
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| Preface to the Second Edition | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Prologue | |
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| What is Public Health? | |
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| Public Health: Science, Politics, and Prevention | |
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| What Is Public Health? | |
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| Public Health versus Medical Care | |
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| The Sciences of Public Health | |
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| Prevention and Intervention | |
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| Public Health and Terrorism | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Why Is Public Health Controversial? | |
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| Economic Impact | |
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| Individual Liberty | |
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| Moral and Religious Opposition | |
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| Political Interference with Science | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Powers and Responsibilities of Government | |
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| Federal versus State Authority | |
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| How the Law Works | |
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| How Public Health Is Organized and Paid For in the United States | |
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| Local Public Health Agencies | |
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| State Health Departments | |
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| Federal Agencies Involved with Public Health | |
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| Nongovernmental Role in Public Health | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Analytical Methods of Public Health | |
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| Epidemiology: The Basic Science of Public Health | |
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| How Epidemiology Works | |
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| A Typical Epidemiologic Investigation: Outbreak of Hepatitis | |
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| Legionnaires' Disease | |
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| Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome | |
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| Epidemiology and the Causes of Chronic Disease | |
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| Heart Disease | |
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| Lung Cancer | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Epidemiologic Principles and Methods | |
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| Kinds of Epidemiologic Studies | |
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| Intervention Studies | |
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| Cohort Studies | |
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| Case-Control Studies | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Problems and Limits of Epidemiology | |
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| Problems with Studying Humans | |
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| Sources of Error | |
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| Proving Cause and Effect | |
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| Epidemiologic Studies of Hormone Replacement Therapy-Confusing Results | |
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| Ethics in Epidemiology | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Statistics: Making Sense of Uncertainty | |
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| The Uncertainty of Science | |
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| Probability | |
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| The Statistics of Screening Tests | |
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| Rates and Other Calculated Statistics | |
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| Risk Assessment and Risk Perception | |
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| Cost-Benefit Analysis and Other Evaluation Methods | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| The Role of Data in Public Health | |
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| Vital Statistics | |
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| The Census | |
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| NCHS Surveys and Other Sources of Health Data | |
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| Is So Much Data Really Necessary? | |
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| Accuracy and Availability of Data | |
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| Confidentiality of Data | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Biomedical Basis of Public Health | |
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| The "Conquest" of Infectious Diseases | |
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| Infectious Agents | |
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| Means of Transmission | |
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| Chain of Infection | |
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| Rabies | |
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| Smallpox, Measles, and Polio | |
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| Fear of Vaccines | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| The Resurgence of Infectious Diseases | |
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| The Biomedical Basis of AIDS | |
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| Other Emerging Viruses | |
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| Influenza | |
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| New Bacterial Threats | |
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| Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis | |
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| Prions | |
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| Public Health Response to Emerging Infections | |
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| Public Health and the Threat of Bioterrorism | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| The Biomedical Basis of Chronic Diseases | |
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| Cardiovascular Disease | |
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| Cancer | |
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| Diabetes | |
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| Other Chronic Diseases | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Genetic Diseases and Other Inborn Errors | |
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| Environmental Teratogens | |
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| Genetic and Newborn Screening Programs | |
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| Genomic Medicine | |
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| Ethical Issues and Genetic Diseases | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Social and Behavioral Factors in Health | |
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| Do People Choose Their Own Health? | |
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| Education | |
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| Regulation | |
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| Does Prohibition Work? | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| How Psychosocial Factors Affect Health Behavior | |
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| Health of Minority Populations | |
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| Stress and Social Support | |
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| Psychological Models of Health Behavior | |
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| Ecological Model of Health Behavior | |
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| Health Promotion Programs | |
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| Changing the Environment | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Tobacco-Public Health Enemy Number One | |
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| Biomedical Basis of Smoking's Harmful Effects | |
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| Historical Trends in Smoking and Health | |
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| Regulatory Restrictions on Smoking-New Focus on Environmental Tobacco Smoke | |
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| Emphasis on Youth-Advertising | |
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| Taxes as a Public Health Measure | |
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| California's Tobacco Control Program | |
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| The Master Settlement Agreement | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Public Health Threat Number Two and Growing: Poor Diet and Physical Inactivity | |
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| Epidemiology of Obesity | |
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| Diet and Nutrition | |
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| Promoting Healthy Eating | |
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| Physical Activity and Health | |
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| How Much Exercise Is Enough, and How Much Do People Get? | |
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| Promoting Physical Activity | |
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| Confronting the Obesity Epidemic | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Injuries Are Not Accidents | |
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| Epidemiology of Injuries | |
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| Analyzing Injuries | |
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| Motor Vehicle Injuries | |
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| Pedestrians, Motorcyclists, and Bicyclists | |
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| Firearms Injury-Still Number Two | |
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| Occupational Injuries | |
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| Tertiary Prevention | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Maternal and Child Health as a Social Problem | |
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| Maternal and Infant Mortality | |
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| Infant Mortality: Health Problem or Social Problem? | |
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| Preventing Infant Mortality | |
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| Family Planning and Prevention of Adolescent Pregnancy | |
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| Nutrition of Women and Children | |
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| Children's Health and Safety | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Environmental Issues in Public Health | |
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| A Clean Environment: The Basis of Public Health | |
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| Role of Government in Environmental Health | |
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| Identification of Hazards | |
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| Pesticides and Industrial Chemicals | |
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| Occupational Exposures: Workers as Guinea Pigs | |
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| New Source of Pollution: Factory Farms | |
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| Setting Standards: How Safe Is Safe? | |
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| Risk-Benefit Analysis | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Clean Air: Is It Safe to Breathe? | |
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| Criteria Air Pollutants | |
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| Strategies for Meeting Standards | |
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| Indoor Air Quality | |
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| Global Effects of Air Pollution | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Clean Water: A Limited Resource | |
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| Clean Water Act | |
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| Safe Drinking Water | |
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| Dilemmas in Compliance | |
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| Is the Water Supply Running Out? | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Solid and Hazardous Wastes: What To Do With the Garbage? | |
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| Sanitary Landfills | |
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| Alternatives to Landfills | |
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| Hazardous Wastes | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Safe Food and Drugs: An Ongoing Regulatory Battle | |
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| Causes of Food-Borne Illness | |
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| Government Action to Prevent Food-Borne Disease | |
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| Additives and Contaminants | |
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| Drugs and Cosmetics | |
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| Food and Drug Labeling and Advertising | |
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| Politics of the FDA | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Population: The Ultimate Environmental Health Issue | |
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| Public Health and Population Growth | |
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| Global Impact of Population Growth-Depletion of Resources | |
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| Global Impact of Population Growth-Climate Change | |
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| Dire Predictions and Fragile Hope | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Medical Care and Public Health | |
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| Is the Medical Care System a Public Health Issue? | |
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| When Medical Care is a Public Health Responsibility | |
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| The Conflict between Public Health and the Medical Profession | |
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| Licensing and Regulation | |
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| Ethical and Legal Issues in Medical Care | |
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| Ethical Issues in Medical Resource Allocation | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Why the U.S. Medical System Needs Reform | |
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| Why Do Costs Keep Rising? | |
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| Approaches to Controlling Medical Costs | |
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| Managed Care-Not a Panacea | |
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| Rationing | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Health Services Research: Finding What Works | |
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| Reasons for Practice Variations | |
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| The Field of Dreams Effect | |
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| Outcomes Research | |
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| Quality | |
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| Medical Care Report Cards | |
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| Inequities in Medical Care | |
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| The Relative Importance of Medical Care for Public Health | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Public Health and the Aging Population | |
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| The Aging of the Population-Trends | |
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| Health Status of the Older Population | |
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| General Approaches to Maximizing Health in Old Age | |
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| Preventing Disease and Disability in Old Age | |
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| Medications | |
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| Osteoporosis | |
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| Falls | |
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| Impairment of Vision and Hearing | |
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| Oral Health | |
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| Alzheimer's and Other Dementias | |
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| Medical Costs of the Elderly | |
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| Proposals for Rationing | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| The Future of Public Health | |
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| Emergency Preparedness, Post-9/11 | |
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| Types of Disasters and Public Health Responses | |
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| New York's Response to the World Trade Center Attacks | |
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| Principles of Emergency Planning and Preparedness | |
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| Bioterrorism Preparedness | |
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| Smallpox | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Public Health in the Twenty-First Century: Achievements and Challenges | |
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| Challenges for the Twenty-First Century | |
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| Strategic Planning for Public Health | |
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| Hope for the Integration of Public Health and Medical Practice | |
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| Information Technology | |
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| The Challenge of Biotechnology | |
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| The Ultimate Challenge to Public Health in the Twenty-First Century | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Index | |