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| Preface | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Reasons for Surveys | |
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| The Components of Surveys | |
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| Purposes and Goals of This Text | |
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| Sampling | |
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| The Sample Frame | |
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| Selecting a One-Stage Sample | |
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| Multistage Sampling | |
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| Making Estimates From Samples and Sampling Errors | |
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| How Big Should a Sample Be? | |
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| Sampling Error as a Component of Total Survey Error | |
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| Exercise | |
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| Nonresponse: Implementing a Sample Design | |
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| Calculating Response Rates | |
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| Bias Associated With Nonresponse | |
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| Reducing Nonresponse in Telephone or Personal Interview Surveys | |
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| Reducing Nonresponse to Mail Surveys | |
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| Reducing Nonresponse to Internet Surveys | |
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| Multimode Data Collection | |
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| Correcting for Nonresponse | |
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| Nonprobability (or Modified Probability) Samples | |
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| Nonresponse as a Source of Error | |
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| Exercise | |
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| Methods of Data Collection | |
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| Major Issues in Choosing a Strategy | |
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| Summary Comparison of Methods | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Exercise | |
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| Designing Questions to Be Good Measures | |
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| Increasing the Reliability of Answers | |
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| Avoiding Multiple Questions | |
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| Types of Measures/Types of Questions | |
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| Increasing the Validity of Factual Reporting | |
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| Increasing the Validity of Answers Describing Subjective States | |
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| Question Design and Error | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Evaluating Survey Questions and Instruments | |
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| Defining Objectives | |
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| Preliminary Question Design Steps | |
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| Presurvey Evaluation | |
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| Design, Format, and Layout of Survey Instruments | |
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| Field Pretests | |
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| Survey Instrument Length | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Exercise | |
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| Survey Interviewing | |
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| Overview of Interviewer Job | |
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| Interviewer Recruitment and Selection | |
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| Training Interviewers | |
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| Supervision | |
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| Survey Questions | |
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| Interviewing Procedures | |
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| Validation of Interviews | |
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| The Role of Interviewing in Survey Error | |
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| Exercise | |
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| Preparing Survey Data for Analysis | |
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| Formatting a Data File | |
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| Constructing a Code | |
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| Approaches to Coding and Data Entry | |
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| Data Cleaning | |
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| Coding and Data Reduction as Sources of Errors in Surveys | |
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| Ethical Issues in Survey Research | |
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| Informing Respondents | |
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| Protecting Respondents | |
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| Benefits to Respondents | |
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| Ethical Responsibilities to Interviewers | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Providing Information About Survey Methods | |
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| Exercise | |
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| Survey Error in Perspective | |
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| The Concept of Total Survey Design | |
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| Error in Perspective | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |
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| About the Author | |