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Preface | |
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The Would be Translator's Basic Terminology | |
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Preliminary Remarks: Linguistics and Metalinguistics | |
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Translation Units | |
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What are T.U.s and what is their use? | |
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Lexical T.U.s | |
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Grammatical T.U.s | |
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Extended T.U.s | |
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Delineation of T.U.s | |
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Exercises | |
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Words in Context | |
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Polysemy: Words and their semantic range | |
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Literal vs. figurative meaning | |
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Language levels | |
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Gender problems | |
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Dictionaries and thesauri | |
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Exercises | |
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Deceptive Cognates | |
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Faux amis | |
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Cognates and deceptive cognates | |
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Partial faux amis | |
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Unrelated similar looking words | |
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List of common deceptive cognates | |
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Exercises | |
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Translation Devices | |
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What strategies do translators have at their disposal? | |
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Sample chart | |
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Borrowings | |
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What is a borrowing and what is its purpose? | |
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French and English: a history of mutual borrowing | |
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Lexical fields of borrowing | |
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Creative borrowing | |
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Unnecessary borrowing | |
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Use of borrowings | |
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Exercises | |
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Calques | |
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What is a calque? | |
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Semantic and structural calques | |
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Calques and neologisms | |
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Calques and acronyms | |
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Calque vs. borrowing | |
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Exercises | |
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Literal Translation and Structural Obstacles to Literal translation | |
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What is a literal translation? | |
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Structural obstacles to literal translation | |
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Differences in word order | |
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Ellipses | |
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Gallicisms and Anglicisms | |
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Special problems with verb tenses | |
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Problems with French pronominal verbs | |
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Exercises | |
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Transposition | |
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What is transposition? | |
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Some examples of necessary transpositions | |
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Examples of optional transpositions | |
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Noun-verb transpositions | |
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Transpositions with postpositional adverbs | |
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Cross transposition | |
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Exercises | |
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Modulation | |
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What is modulation? | |
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Word modulations | |
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Preposition modulations | |
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Message modulations | |
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Necessary and optional modulations | |
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Modulation and transposition | |
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Exercises | |
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Equivalence | |
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What is equivalence? | |
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Exclamations and reflex formulas | |
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Prop words | |
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Greetings and letter closings | |
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Cliches and idioms | |
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Slang and slang expressions | |
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Proverbs and axioms | |
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Official signs and warnings | |
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References to a common socio-cultural heritage | |
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Exercises | |
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Adaptation | |
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What is adaptation? | |
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Linguistic deficiency and compensation | |
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Adaptation in traditions, usages and institutions | |
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Exercises | |
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Applying Translators' Devices to Literary Texts | |
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Transposition | |
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Modulation | |
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Equivalence | |
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Adaptation | |
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General Exercises | |
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Translating Titles | |
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General advice | |
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Translation devices applied to the translation of titles | |
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Exercises | |
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Guidelines for the Translation of Literary Prose | |
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Sticking to the text vs. demonstrating originality | |
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What are the basic guidelines to follow for a successful translation? | |
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Working method | |
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Text samples, guiding notes and suggested translations | |
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Guidelines for the Translation of Dialogues and Plays | |
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Problems specific to the translation of dialogues and plays | |
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Equivalence as the preferred translating device for dialogues | |
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Use of a specific vocabulary | |
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Text samples, guiding notes and suggested translations | |
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Guidelines for the Translation of Poetry | |
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Poetry translation: a difficult but creative enterprise | |
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Is poetry translation the reserved domain of poets? | |
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The different levels of poetry translation | |
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How to proceed with the translation of a poem | |
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Basic rules of French prosody | |
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Poem samples and suggested translations | |
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Guidelines for the Translation of Non-Literary Texts | |
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Content vs. style | |
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Non-literary and specialty languages | |
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Taking liberties with sentence structure | |
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Improving on the original | |
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Conventions in newspapers and magazines | |
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Cultural references in newspapers and magazines | |
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Sample of newspaper and magazine articles, guiding notes and suggested translations | |
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Guidelines for the Translation of Ads | |
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Ads and cultural references | |
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Advice for the translation of ads | |
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A sampler of ad translations | |
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The Translator's Tools | |
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Dictionaries, specialized dictionaries, books on translation studies | |
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Index | |